将DataBinding整合到Activity/Fragment的一种极简方式

自从Google推出DataBinding/ViewBinding后，获取视图控件变得简单、高效且安全。而Activity中原本

public class TestActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
        //...
    }
}

这样的代码也变成了像下面这样

public class TestActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    ActivityTestBinding binding;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = ActivityTestBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());
        //...
    }
}

或

public class TestActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    ActivityTestBinding binding;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_test);
        //...
    }
}

每次都要写一遍inflate或setContentView调用并设置一个binding字段也听麻烦的，不如原来setContentView(R.layout.activity_test)这样来的简单。因此就考虑新建一个BaseActivity来简化这个过程。

1. 最初的方案

一开始的方案如下：

public abstract class BaseActivity<B extends ViewDataBinding> extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    private B binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, getLayoutId());
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
        initView(binding);
    }

    protected abstract void initView(B binding);

    protected abstract int getLayoutId();

    protected B getBinding() {
    
        return binding;
    }
}

这样新建一个Activity的代码就变成了

public class TestActivity extends BaseActivity<ActivityTestBinding> {
    
    @Override
    protected void initView(ActivityTestBinding binding) {
    

    }

    @Override
    protected int getLayoutId(){
    
        return R.layout.activity_test;
    }
}

这样只需要在继承BaseActivity在泛型上写上数据绑定的类型，并在自动生成的getLayoutId方法中返回对应布局id就可以了。

但是在用了一段时间这种方法后觉得每次写id也挺麻烦，有时候引用错了id启动就直接崩溃报错。因此考虑下，就想出接下来要讲述的更简单的方法。

2. 利用反射来实现更简单的整合

最终的实现效果是下面这样，只需要在泛型中编写引用的Binding类型就可以，并且在这个Activity的作用域中，可以通过getBinding方法得到对应的应用

public class TestActivity extends BaseActivity<ActivityTestBinding> {
    
    @Override
    protected void initView(ActivityTestBinding binding) {
    
        test();
    }

    private void test(){
    
        getBinding().button.setOnClickListener(v -> {
    
            //...
        });
    }
}

首先我们需要一个反射工具，用于获得Activity泛型参数中ViewBinding/ViewDataBinding的子类的Class：

public class ReflectUtils {
    
    public static <T> Class<? extends T> findParameterizedClass(Class<?> aClass, Class<T> targetClass) {
    
        return findParameterizedClass(aClass.getGenericSuperclass(), targetClass);
    }

    public static <T> Class<? extends T> findParameterizedClass(Type type, Class<T> targetClass) {
    
        if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
    
            Type[] typeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) type).getActualTypeArguments();
            for (Type typeArgument : typeArguments) {
    
                if (typeArgument instanceof Class) {
    
                    if (targetClass.isAssignableFrom((Class<?>) typeArgument)) {
    
                        return (Class<? extends T>) typeArgument;
                    }
                } else {
    
                    throw new IllegalStateException("typeArgument is not a Class");
                }
            }
            Type rawType = ((ParameterizedType) type).getRawType();
            if (rawType.equals(Object.class)) {
    
                return null;
            } else {
    
                return findParameterizedClass(rawType, targetClass);
            }
        } else if (type instanceof Class) {
    
            if (type.equals(Object.class)) {
    
                return null;
            } else {
    
                Type superclass = ((Class<?>) type).getGenericSuperclass();
                return findParameterizedClass(superclass, targetClass);
            }
        } else {
    
            throw new IllegalStateException("type is not ParameterizedType or Class!");
        }
    }
}

然后，我们的BaseActivity就改写为下面这样

public abstract class BaseActivity<B extends ViewDataBinding> extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    private B binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        try {
    
            Class parameterizedClass = ReflectUtils.findParameterizedClass(getClass().getGenericSuperclass(), ViewBinding.class);
            if (parameterizedClass == null) {
    
                parameterizedClass = ReflectUtils.findParameterizedClass(getClass().getGenericSuperclass(), ViewDataBinding.class);
            }
            if (parameterizedClass == null) {
    
                throw new IllegalStateException("not find parameterized type extends ViewBinding or ViewDataBinding");
            } else {
    
                Method inflateMethod = parameterizedClass.getMethod("inflate", LayoutInflater.class);
                binding = (B) inflateMethod.invoke(null, getLayoutInflater());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
    
            throw new RuntimeException("Something wrong when create Binding:", e);
        }
        if (binding == null) {
    
            throw new RuntimeException("binding is null!");
        } else {
    
            setContentView(binding.getRoot());
            binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
            initView(binding);
        }
    }

    protected abstract void initView(B binding);

    protected B getBinding() {
    
        return binding;
    }
}

3. 将这种方式推广到Fragment

我们还可以用这种方式来实现Fragment和DataBinding/ViewBinding的整合：

public abstract class BaseFragment<B extends ViewDataBinding> extends Fragment {
    
    private B binding;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        try {
    
            Class parameterizedClass = ReflectUtils.findParameterizedClass(getClass().getGenericSuperclass(), ViewBinding.class);
            if (parameterizedClass == null) {
    
                parameterizedClass = ReflectUtils.findParameterizedClass(getClass().getGenericSuperclass(), ViewDataBinding.class);
            }
            if (parameterizedClass == null) {
    
                throw new IllegalStateException("not find parameterized type extends ViewBinding or ViewDataBinding");
            } else {
    
                Method inflateMethod = parameterizedClass.getMethod("inflate", LayoutInflater.class, ViewGroup.class, Boolean.class);
                binding = (B) inflateMethod.invoke(null, getLayoutInflater(), container, false);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
    
            throw new RuntimeException("Something wrong when create Binding:", e);
        }
        if (binding != null) {
    
            return binding.getRoot();
        } else {
    
            throw new RuntimeException("binding is null!");
        }
    }

    public B getBinding() {
    
        return binding;
    }
}