Common motor classification and driving principle animation [easy to understand]

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Common motor classification and driving principle Animation

List of articles

• Common motor classification and driving principle animation
  • Basic categories
  • DC brush motor
  • DC brushless motor (BLDC)
  • Stepper motor (Stepper motor)
  • The steering gear (steering engine)
  • Servo motor (servo motor)

Basic categories

DC brush motor

The basic principle of motor is electromagnetic induction ： The rotating magnetic field drives the rotor to rotate . The motor is composed of stator and rotor , A rotating magnetic field , One is the magnetic pole , The rotor of the motor ( Bearing ) It turns . This is achieved electric energy -> Magnetic energy -> Conversion of mechanical energy

DC brushless motor (BLDC)

BLDC Stator of （stator） It's an energized coil , And the rotor （rotor） It is a permanent magnet ！

As long as the coil on the stator is connected with an appropriate current , That is to say, the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet and the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet correspond exactly , Can repel 、 Or attract the rotor to make a rotating motion . In the following figure, the coils are individually energized in sequence , The direction towards the rotor is the direction of the electromagnet S extremely , The suction rotor rotates clockwise

The above driving modes , That is, energize each coil individually in sequence , It's possible , But it's too complicated , inefficiency . therefore , Actually BLDC Will combine the six coils in pairs , Divide into A,B,C Three windings , So we can drive two electromagnets at the same time , Efficiency has doubled immediately . But it's just a magnet “ attract ” Characteristics of , Don't forget the magnet and “ exclude ” Characteristics of . If we drive another set of coils at the same time , Let the last set of coils “ attract ” When the rotor , Another set of coils “ exclude ” rotor , Then our rotor will get higher driving force ！ Here's the picture ：

The original A,B,C The three windings are independent , So it is very troublesome to control . Then if we put A,B,C The three windings are connected together , Put together a “ Star connection （star arrangement）”, There are three windings , Lead out six wires ; Now the number of outgoing lines is reduced to only three . The positive pole of the power supply is connected to the... In the upper right corner A Winding input , The negative pole of the power supply is connected to the... In the lower left corner B Winding output . This is the time A Winding and B The windings are driven at the same time , And its polarity is just the opposite , The same effect is achieved when the three windings are driven independently ！ So just follow this order ：AB-AC-BC-BA-CA-CB, These six beats , Drive the stator winding in turn , The rotor can rotate all the time ！

Stepper motor (Stepper motor)

Stepper motor is an open-loop control element that converts electrical pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement . Without overloading , The speed of the motor 、 The stop position only depends on the frequency and number of pulses of the pulse signal , And not affected by load changes

Changing the magnetic field of the winding in turn will make the rotor rotate forward or reverse , For example, the direction of power on is A-B-C-D when , The motor is turning forward , When power is applied in the opposite direction , The motor reverses . Generally, the motor is driven in eight beat mode ：A AB B BC C CD D DA There is also a four beat drive ：AB-BC-CD-DA-AB

The steering gear (steering engine)

The control cycle of the steering gear is 20ms Of PWM The signal , Pulse width from 0.5-2.5ms, The corresponding rudder disc position is 0-180 degree , It changes linearly .

Servo motor (servo motor)

Servo motors are widely used in various control systems , It can convert the input voltage signal into the mechanical output on the motor shaft . General , The servo motor requires that the speed of the motor be controlled by the applied voltage signal , The speed can change continuously with the change of the applied voltage signal , The torque can be controlled by the current output by the controller .

Most servo motors are AC permanent magnet synchronous servo motors or DC brushless motors . Servo motors are closed-loop control systems , It is used in various motion control systems, especially in servo systems

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