Proteus Software beginner notes

Proteus Software beginner

One 、 Common components

Two 、 Learning video

Proteus Use the tutorial to view the video link , I think it's very good ：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y7411N7YK?p=2

Keil5 combination Proteus You can take a look at this video ：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1H7411n7AY?p=4&spm_id_from=pageDriver

3、 ... and 、Project

1、 Crystal oscillator circuit and reset circuit

Clock circuit

• chip ：AYM89C51
• Crystal oscillator ：CRY,12M
• capacitance ：CAP,22pf
• effect ： Crystal oscillator circuit provides clock signal for single chip microcomputer . The crystal oscillator circuit produces the clock frequency that must be used by the single chip microcomputer , All the instructions sent by the single chip microcomputer are based on this
• The higher the clock frequency of the crystal oscillator , The faster the MCU runs . It is one by one from ROM Get the command from , Then go ahead and do it . The time that a single-chip computer accesses each time is called the machine cycle , The machine cycle is divided into 12 Clock cycles

Reset circuit ： Power on reset , Key reset

• resistance ：RES
• effect ： Use it to restore the circuit to its original state , Like the reset button of the calculator , In order to return to the original state , Recalculate .

2、LED Realization of water lamp

2.1、LED principle

LED, Tape selection ACTIVE Of , You can see the visualization of components , Is it on or off
Direction of current ：P ----> N
If it's Silicon ,0.7V, If it is germanium ,0.3V

2.2、 Anode connection and cathode connection

Supply anode connection method ： Will all LED Of P The poles are connected together , here N It is very necessary to connect to low level , Low level light , High level off , Low level active
Supply cathode connection method ： Will all LED Of N The poles are connected together , here P It is necessary to connect high level , High active
The current that the single chip computer can draw is 20mA, Therefore, the anode connection method needs resistance （ The resistance value shall not be less than 250） Can be connected to the single chip computer

2.3、 Breathing lamp to achieve flashing code

#include"reg51.h"
// sbit  Means to control the position  
sbit LED0 = P2^0;
/* *  The time delay function  *  The time delay function `delay()` The essence of ： Use empty statements to occupy program time , So as to achieve the effect of delay  */
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	while(1)
	{
    
		LED0 = 0;// bright 
		delay(5);// Add delay function 
		LED0 = 1;// destroy 
		delay(5);// Add delay function 
	}
}

2.4、 Breathing lamp implementation code ( Anode and cathode connection )

#include"reg51.h"
// sbit  Means to control the position  
sbit LED0 = P2^0;
/* *  The time delay function  */
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

/* *  Realize the effect of running water lamp  */
void led()
{
    
	int i=0;
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
    
		/* *  Because the low level is on , So reverse operation , *  Because the running water lamp operation is realized , So the shift operation  * P2  For anode connection  * P1  For cathode connection  */
		P2=~(0x01<<i);//~0000 0001 ->0000 0010 -> 0000 0100 
		P1=(0x01<<i);//~0000 0001 ->0000 0010 -> 0000 0100 
		delay(50);
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	while(1)
	{
    
		led();
	}
}

2.5、 Operation of general flow lamp

The output data is represented by an array , use for Loop through it
The code is as follows :

#include"reg51.h"
//  Take turns scrolling the little light data 
unsigned char leddat[]={
    0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80};

void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

void led()
{
    
	int i=0;
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
    
		P2=~leddat[i];
		delay(100);
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	//  Ensure that the program can run continuously 
	while(1)
	{
    
		led();
	}
}

2.6、 Realize the effect of fancy running water lamp

#include"reg51.h"
unsigned char leddat[50]={
    
0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x81,0x82,
0x84,0x88,0x90,0xA0,0xC0,0xC1,0xC2,0xC4,0xC8,0xD0,
0xE0,0xE1,0xE2,0xE4,0xE8,0xF0,0xF1,0xF2,0xF4,0xF8,	
0xF9,0xFA,0xFC,0xFD,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0xFF,0x00
};

/* Delay function  */
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

void led()
{
    
	int i=0;
	for(i=0;i<50;i++)
	{
    
		P2 = ~leddat[i];
		delay(100);
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	while(1)
	{
    
		led();
	}
}

3、 Nixie tube

3.1、 The structure and principle of digital tube

3.2、 Letters and numbers are displayed on the nixie tube

• dp： Is the decimal point position
  

3.3、LED Static display and dynamic display of digital tube

1、 Static display mode

2、 characteristic

1. The common end is directly grounded （ Supply cathode ） Or connect the power supply （ Supply anode ）
2. Line selection of each digital segment and a group of I/O The interface line is connected
3. Each nixie tube always shows

3、 Realization effect ： from 0–9 A circuit diagram that changes repeatedly

Take cathode connection as an example

4、 Code

#include"reg51.h"
unsigned char s[]={
    0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};//  Supplying Yin 0--9



/* *  Delay function  */
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

/* *  Show function  */
void seg()
{
    
	//P2 = 0x3F;//0011 1111
	int i =0;
	for(i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
    
		P2 = s[i];
		delay(300);
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	while(1)
	{
    
		seg();
	}
}

Be careful ： The anode connection method is the same as above , What needs to be replaced is the digital tube , Connection and negation in code

3.4、LED The dynamic display of digital tube

1、 principle

• characteristic

1. From bottom to top is ：a,b,c,d,e,f,g,db
2. Segment line selection of all nixie tubes and one group I/O Interface lines are connected together
3. The common end of each nixie tube consists of one I/O Line control
4. Display as one by one

2、 Realization effect

3、 Code

#include"reg51.h"
unsigned char s[]={
    0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};//  Supplying Yin 0--9
unsigned char str[]={
    0x76,0x79,0x38,0x38,0x3F};// HELLO
unsigned char wei[]={
    0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07};// Display different bits 
//  If the display 1-8 It is directly connected with the single chip microcomputer 10-17 Connect , Display different bits using the following 
// unsigned char wei[]={0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80};


/* *  Delay function  */
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

/* *  Show function  */
void seg()
{
    
	//P2 = 0x3F;//0011 1111
	int i =0;
	for(i=0;i<5;i++)
	{
    
		P3=wei[i];
		P2 = str[i];//0011 1111
		delay(5);
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	while(1)
	{
    
		seg();
	}
}

4、 Key

4.1、 The basic principle of keyboard

4.2、 Elimination of jitter

The jitter is about 10ms~20ms

4.3、 Keyboard classification

4.4、 Matrix keyboard key position recognition

4.5、 Realization effect

Code

#include"reg51.h"
sbit key0=P1^0;
unsigned char s[]={
    0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};//  Supplying Yin 0--9
unsigned char num=0,flag=0;

void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}
//  Key operation 
void key()
{
    
// if(key0==0)
// {
    
// num++;
// }
		if(key0==0&&flag==0)
	{
    
		flag=1;
	}
	if(flag==1&&key0==1)
	{
    
		num++;
		flag=0;
	}
}

//  Nixie tube operation , Use flag bits to eliminate jitter 
void seg()
{
    
	P2=s[num];
	if(num==10)
	{
    
		num=0;
	}

}

void main()
{
    
	while(1)
	{
    
		key();
		seg();
	}
	
}

5、 Timer

5.1、 timing / Counter mode and control register

6、 interrupt

6.1、 Interrupt profile

6.2、 Interrupt allow control

Mark with T The expression of is related to the timer

6.3、 Priority control

6.4、 Entry number of each interrupt service program

6.5、 External interrupt

External interrupt , Low level , Falling edge trigger .

6.6、 Circuit diagram

6.7、 Code

Realize anti shake operation , Press the keyboard num Value plus one

#include"reg51.h"
sbit ex=P3^2;
unsigned char s[]={
    0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};// Supply cathode 0-9
unsigned char num=0;

void initex()
{
    
	IT0=1;// Set the edge trigger 
	EX0=1;// Open external interrupt 
	EA=1;// Carry out enabling , Open total interrupt 
	ex=1; Set to falling edge 
	
}
void display()
{
    
	P2=s[num];
	if(num===10)
	{
    
		num=0;
	}
}

void main()
{
    
	initex();
	while(1)
	{
    
		display();
	}
}

7、 Serial port communication

The following are 0 Is acceptable ,1 Indicates that the reception is complete

7.1、 Serial port Control register SCON

Control the communication mode of serial port , The difference between serial ports is the baud rate , In general 1 It's used a lot

7.2、 Power control register PCON

7.3、 The way 1 How it works

8、 simulation 89C51 Communication with upper computer

8.1、 Circuit diagram

8.2、 Code

#include"reg51.h"
unsigned char recdat=0,flag=0;

void initscon()
{
    
	//  Serial port control register 
	SCON=0x50;// 0101 0000
	//  Configure baud rate , By timer T1 produce , Parameter is ：( yes 1 no 0 Related to external interrupts , Select timer 0 Or a counter 1 The pattern of , Pattern 0-13 position ,01-16 position ,10-8 position )
	TMOD=0x20;// 0010 0000
	//  Configure the initial value 
	TH1=256-3;
	TL1=256-3;
	ES=1;//  Serial interrupt 
	EA=1;// Open total interrupt 
	TR1=1;// Turn on timer 1

}

//  send data 
void senddat()
{
    
	SBUF=recdat;
	while(!T1);
	T1=0;
	
}

void main()
{
    
	//  Initialize serial port 
	initscon();
	while(1)
	{
    
		// send data , Send by interrupt  
		// receive data , Receive the returned data 
		if(flag==1)
		{
    
			senddat();
			flag=0;
		}
	}
}

//  Serial interrupt service function 
// 0 It's an external interrupt ,1 It's a timer. 0 The interrupt ,2 It's an external interrupt 1,3 It's a timer interrupt 1,4 Serial port interrupt 
void scon_isr() interrupt 4
{
    
	// SBUF Represent cache 
	recdat=SBUF;
}

9、LCD1602 Application

9.1、LCD1602 summary

LCD1602 yes 2*16 Character LCD module

9.2、 Common script

9.3、 Read write sequence diagram

9.4、 Circuit diagram I

AT89C51 and LM016L

9.5、 Code 1

#include"reg51.h"
sbit RS=P3^0;
sbit RW=P3^1;
sbit E=P3^2;
unsigned char str[]={
    "count:"};
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

void writedat(unsigned char dat)
{
    
	RS=1;
	RW=0;
	E=0;
	P2=dat;
	delay(5);
	E=1; 
	E=0;
}


void writecom(unsigned char com)
{
    
	RS=0;
	RW=0;
	E=0;
	P2=com;
	delay(5);
	E=1; 
	E=0;
}


void initlcd()
{
    
	//  Write command 
	writecom(0x38);
	writecom(0x0c);
	writecom(0x06);
	writecom(0x01);
	
}



//  Show function 
void display()
{
    
	unsigned int i=0;
	writecom(0x80);
	delay(5);
// writedat('A');
// delay(5);
// writedat('B');
// delay(5);
	while(str[i]!='\0')
	{
    
		writedat(str[i]);
		delay(5);
		i++;
	}
	writedat(0x36);
	delay(5);
}

void main()
{
    
	initlcd();
	while(1)
	{
    
		display();
	}
}

9.6、 Circuit diagram II

9.7、 Code 2

#include"reg51.h"
sbit RS=P3^0;
sbit RW=P3^1;
sbit E=P3^2;
unsigned char count=0;
unsigned int hour=0,min=0,sec=0;
unsigned char str1[]={
    "clock"};
//  Numbers are converted into characters with 
unsigned char str[]={
    "0123456789"};	
	
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
    
	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
    
		for(j=0;j<120;j++);
	}
}

void writedat(unsigned char dat)
{
    
	RS=1;
	RW=0;
	E=0;
	P2=dat;
	delay(5);
	E=1; 
	E=0;
}


void writecom(unsigned char com)
{
    
	RS=0;
	RW=0;
	E=0;
	P2=com;
	delay(5);
	E=1; 
	E=0;
}


void initlcd()
{
    
	//  Write command 
	writecom(0x38);
	writecom(0x0c);
	writecom(0x06);
	writecom(0x01);
	
}



//  Show function 
void display()
{
    
	unsigned char i=0;
	unsigned char temp0=0,temp1=0,temp2=0,temp3=0,temp4=0,temp5=0;
	temp0=hour/10;
	temp1=hour%10;
	temp2=min/10;
	temp3=min%10;
	temp4=sec/10;
	temp5=sec%10;
	writecom(0x80);
	delay(5);
	while(str1[i]!='\0')
	{
    
		writedat(str1[i]);
		delay(5);
		i++;
	}
	writecom(0x80+0x40+4);// Control the display in the middle 
	writedat(str[temp0]);
	delay(5);
	writedat(str[temp1]);
	delay(5);
	writedat(':');
	delay(5);
	writedat(str[temp2]);
	delay(5);
	writedat(str[temp3]);
	delay(5);
	writedat(':');
	delay(5);
	writedat(str[temp4]);
	delay(5);
	writedat(str[temp5]);
	delay(5);
}
/* Timer */
void inittimer()
{
    
	TMOD=0x01;//  Select timer mode as 16 position 
	TH0=(65536-50000)/256;//50ms
	TL0=(65536-50000)%256;
	ET0=1;// interrupt 
	EA=1;// Turn on interrupt 
	TR0=1;// Turn on timer 0
}
	

void main()
{
    
	initlcd();
	inittimer();
	while(1)
	{
    
		display();
	}
}

// Timer interrupt function 
void timer0_isr() interrupt 1
{
    
	TH0=(65536-50000)/256;//50ms
	TL0=(65536-50000)%256;
	count++;
	if(count==20)//1s
	{
    
		sec=sec+1;
		count=0;
	}
	if(sec==60)
	{
    
		min=min+1;
		sec=0;
	}
	if(min==60)
	{
    
		hour=hour+1;
		min=0;
	}
	if(hour==24)
	{
    
		hour=0;
	}
}

9.8、 Realize electronic clock

10、 Lattice

10.1、 Circuit diagram

10.2、 Code

Realization 0

11、DA Conversion principle and Realization of simple waveform generator

12、 External interrupt

12.1、 Circuit diagram

12.2、 Code

The external interrupt implements the key ： Add external interrupt , When you press the button , Trigger external interrupt , Low level , Little lights , Press again , The level value of the small lamp is reversed （ Or use the falling edge to trigger , When pressed, the light is on , The light goes out when lifting ）

//  Variable definitions 
uchar key_num; //  Key value 
//  Function declaration 
void Delay_function(uint x); // The time delay function 
void Key_function(void); // Key function 
void Monitor_function(void); //  Monitoring function 
void Display_function(void); //  Show function 
void Manage_function(void); //  Processing function 
void Int0_Init(void); //  External interrupt 0 Initialization function 
void Int1_Init(void); //  External interrupt 1 Initialization function 
//  The main function 
void main()
{
    
	Int0_Init(); // External interrupt 0 initialization 
	Int1_Init(); // External interrupt 1 initialization 
  	while(1)
	{
    
		Key_function(void);// Key function 
		Monitor_function(void);//  Monitoring function 
		Display_function(void);//  Show function 
		Manage_function(void);//  Processing function 
	}
}
// The time delay function 
void Delay_function(uint x);
{
    
	uint m,n;
	for(m=x;m>0;m--)
	for(n=110;n>0;n--);
}
// Key function 
void Key_function(void)


//  Monitoring function 
void Monitor_function(void)
{
    

}
//  Show function  
void Display_function(void)
{
    

}
//  Processing function  
void Manage_function(void)
{
    

}
//  External interrupt 0 Initialization function 
void Int0_Init(void)
{
    
	EA=1;//  Open total interrupt 
	EX0=1;//  Allow external interrupts 0 Trigger interrupt 
	IT0=1;//  Set the external interrupt trigger mode , The mode is triggered by the falling edge 
}
//  External interrupt 1 Initialization function 
void Int1_Init(void)
{
    
	EA=1;//  Open total interrupt 
	EX0=1;//  Allow external interrupts 1 Trigger interrupt 
	IT0=1;//  Set the external interrupt trigger mode , The mode is low level trigger 
}
//  External interrupt 0 Interrupt service function 
void Int0_IRQHandler(void) interrupt 0
{
    
	LED = ~LED;
}
//  External interrupt 01 Interrupt service function 
void Int1_IRQHandler(void) interrupt 2
{
    
	LED = ~LED;
}

13、 MCU serial port

#include<reg51.h> // Go to the default path of the system to find the header file , It is not recommended to use
#include"reg51.h" // First go to the user-defined path to find , Then go to the default path of the system to find , Recommended

The time delay function delay() The essence of ： Use empty statements to occupy program time , So as to achieve the effect of delay