Web test learning notes 01

 

One 、 Syllabus
   1. Core focus （ Chapter two ）
   2. Improve code quality , Automation level （ Third 、 Four 、 5、 ... and 、 Six chapters ）
   3. Project practice （ Chapter vii. ）
   4. Theory, environment and positioning （ Chapter one ）
Two 、 Automation tools
   2.1 Mainstream automation tools
        1. QTP： charge Support （ Support web、 Desktop software automation ）
        2. selenium： free Open source Only support web project （ What to learn at present ）
        3. Robot framework: be based on python Extended Keyword Driven Automation Tools .2014 Stop updating in
   2.2 What is? selenium？
        One web Automated test tool , Chinese meaning ： selenium
   2.3 characteristic
        1. Open source 、 free
        2. Cross platform （Linux Windows mac）
        3. Support for multiple browsers ： Google firefox IE
        4. Support for multiple languages ：python、java... wait
        5. Mature and stable ： Has been Google 、 Baidu is widely used by large companies
        6. Powerful ： Support commercialization of most functions , And because of open source , The required functions can be customized .
   2.4 selenium Family introduction
        selenium1.0
             1. selenium IDE （ Recording automated code tools ）
             2. selenium Grid （ Distributed tools ; Start multiple browsers at the same time ）
             3. selenium RC（ adopt JS Simulation browser , Achieve automation ）
        selenium2.0（ Stable version recommended ）
             selenium2.0 = selenium1.0+webdriver
        selenium3.0
             2.0 Upgraded version , Support JAVA8、windows10 、Edge browser 、safa browser
        Tips ： Whether through 2.0 still 3.0 Automated scripts written ,API The method is the same , The only difference is the environment     
3、 ... and 、selenium
   3.1 install
      1） adopt pip Package management tools to install
         install ：
            pip install selenium
         see ：
            pip show selenium
         uninstall
            pip unstall selenium
         
         Expand
            1. Install the specified version pip install selenium== Version number Such as ： pip install selenium==2.48.0
            2. How to view installable versions ？ Specify the wrong version number
            3. pip yes python Medium package management tool （ Can install 、 uninstall 、 see python Tools ）
            4. pip list: Check through pip Plug ins or tools installed by package management tools
         Tips ：
            1. Use pip It has to be networked
            2. Default installation python3.5 Tools above version , Bring their own pip Package management tools , By default, it will be automatically installed and added path environment variable
       
       2） adopt pycharm To install 【 recommend 】
           Recommended reasons ： Install into the current engineering environment
           operation ：
             File（ File menu ）-->setting-->Project: Current project name -->Project  Interpreter-- Click on + Install the corresponding package and version
           Tips ： If you use pip install The plugin name After installation , open pycharm , Guide operation , Prompt: this message cannot be found , That means using pip install
    3.2 Browser and driver installation
            browser
                  firefox ： You can get the browser version on the official website or Baidu
               Google ： Through Baidu
             drive ：
               1. firefox ：
               2. Google ： 
             application ：
               1. Put the browser driver in the specified folder
               2. Add the directory where the browser driver is located to the system Path In the environment variables
               （ Select my computer -- Right click -- attribute -- Advanced system setup -- senior （ environment variable ）-->path( If it is win7 Semicolons need to be added between paths )）
             Be careful ：
               1. The browser driver must correspond to the browser version （ When viewing the download driver , Browser version with notification response ）
               2. Get browser 48 Let's have a look at the version , Built in drive
    3.3 The popular science Path
         explain ： Specify the directory that the system searches
         dos Command default search order
            1. Detect whether it is an internal command
            2. Check whether it is an executable file in the current directory
            3. Check path The directory specified by the environment variable
            
             Tips ：
               1. If the input command or executable file cannot be checked in the search directory , The system will throw commands that are not internal or external ...
               2. stay web Environment , If you don't add browser drivers to path in ,selenium When running, you will be prompted that the browser driver is wrong .
               
         
    3.4 The first case  

#  Guide pack  webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
#  Get Google browser objects 
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
#  Get Firefox browser object 
# driver = webdriver.Firefox()

#  Open the baidu 
driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
#  Pause 3 second 
sleep(3)
#  Exit browser driver 
driver.quit()

Four 、 Element localization
    4.1 Why use element positioning ？
         To use web Automation operation element , You must first find the element
    4.2 Positioning tools
         firefox ：Firebug (F12 Get a direct click Firebug Icon )
         Google ：F12 key （ Developer tools ）
    4.3 What does it depend on when locating elements ？
        1. Tag name
        2. attribute
        3. Hierarchy
        4. route
    4.4 Positioning mode
        1.id
        2.name
        3.calss name( Using elements class Attribute positioning )
        4.teg_name（ Tag name < Tag name .../>）
        5.link_text（ Locate hyperlinks a label Fuzzy ）
        6.partial_link_text( Locate hyperlinks a label Fuzzy )
        7.xpath( Based on element path )
        8.css( Element selector )
        
         Summary ：
            1. Based on the unique positioning method of element attributes （id\name\class_name）
            2. Locate based on the element tag name ：tag_name
            3. Locate hypertext （link_text,partial_link_text）
            4. Location based on element path （xpath）
            5. Based on selector （css）
        
        id location
           explain ：
          1. By element id Attribute positioning ,id In general, it is unique in the current page
           Method ：
             driver.find_element_by_id(id)
           Tips ：
             The element has to have id attribute
         Tips ：
           1. Input method ： send_keys(" Input content ")
           2. Exit browser driver ：driver.quit():
           3. open url : driver.get(url)
           4. Guide pack ： from selenium import webdriver
           5. Get Firefox browser driver object drive = webdriver.Firefox()
        
        name location
           explain ：
           1. By element name Property to locate , name The general name is duplicate
           Method ：
              drive.find_element_by_name(name)
           Tips ：
               The element must have name attribute
        
        class_name location
           explain ：
            1. By element class Property to locate ,class Attributes are usually multiple values
             Method ：
               drive.find_element_by_class_name()
             Tips ：
               The element has to have class attribute
            
             Tips ：
                id: Generally, it is a unique identification
                name: You can rename
                class: Multiple naming
        

Case study ： 

#  Guide pack 
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver

#  Get browser object 
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
#  open url
url = "http://192.168.0.57:7890/gjydata/login.do"
driver.get(url)
#  Look for the element   user name   and   Input  hyh
driver.find_element_by_name("userId").send_keys("hyh")
#  Look for the element   Password box   and   Input  1
driver.find_element_by_name("passwd").send_keys("1")
#  Pause 3 second 
sleep(3)
#  Close the browser driver object 
driver.quit()