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TCP/IP五层模型
2022-07-28 05:27:00 【小 乔】
| 分层 | 名称 | 代表性软件硬件 | 代表性协议 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 应用层 | 应用程序 | HTTP、DNS、NAT、NAPT FTP(文件传输协议) SMTP/POS(邮件传输协议) Telnet(远程访问控制) SSH(远程连接协议)等 |
| 4 | 传输层 | 操作系统 | TCP、UDP等 |
| 3 | 网络层 | 路由器,操作系统 | IP等 |
| 2 | 数据链路层 | 交换机,操作系统 | MTU、ARP、以太网(数据格式)等 |
| 1 | 物理层 | 网线,光纤,电磁波 |
网络数据传输时,每个网络设备基于TCP/IP五层模型分层以后,相同的分层要使用同样的协议;
封装:发送方主机,由TCP/IP五层模型,从上到下的顺序,依次包裹数据(从内到外打包);
分用:接收端主机,从下到上,解析数据的过程(从外到内拆包);
关于IP和MAC:
IP:作用是标识源主机和目的主机地址,IP地址不是给电脑,网络硬件设备用的,是给人用来标识主机网络地址的,属于逻辑地址;
MAC作用是给网络设备硬件用的,标识硬件网络地址,网卡绑定全球唯一的mac地址,网络设备都是基于mac地址,标识发送到哪个设备上,属于物理地址;
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