Engineering survey simulation volume a

Engineering measurement simulation volume A

One 、 A term is used to explain ：

1. Level ： The connecting curve perpendicular to the direction of gravity everywhere on the ground .

2. Altitude ： The distance from the ground point along the vertical line to the geoid .

3. Horizontal angle ： The angle between the vertical projection of the direction line from one point to two target points on the ground and the horizontal plane .

4. Level pipe shaft ： A straight line whose zero crossing point is tangent to the arc of the inner wall .

5. Features ： Various fixed objects on the ground .

Two 、 Fill in the blanks ：

1. When observing the horizontal angle , Observation required 2 A test back , Then press Turn left 、 Turn right Configure the starting reading of dial .

2. In the radius of 10 Within kilometers , Regardless of the curvature of the earth distance and Horizontal angle Influence , Direct will Geoid Look at it as a horizontal plane , But yes Altitude Influence , Then we must consider .

3. When the theodolite is used , Adjust the object image to be clear Light spiral , Leveling and collimation department level works Angular spiral , Configure horizontal dial reading Turntable handwheel .

4. The amount to determine the relative position of ground points is X 、 Y and Z .

5. The datum of measurement is Geoid , The baseline is Plumb line .

6. The length on the drawing is 10cm , It's in 1:1000 The actual length is 100 m .

3、 ... and 、 Tabular calculation ：

1. Complete the calculation of the observation Manual of the backtracking method

measuring standing	Vertical plate Location	The goal is	Horizontal dial read Count	And a half measuring return horn value	One measuring return horn value	Each measurement Average angular value
The first test return O	Left	A	0-08-12	49-44-18	49-44-27	49-44-19
B	49-52-30
Right	A	180-08-06	49-44-36
B	229-52-42
The second test O	Left	A	90-06-18	49-44-06	49-44-12
B	139-50-24
Right	A	270-06-12	49-44-18
B	319-50-30

2. Complete the vertical right angle observation notebook calculation

measuring standing	Vertical position	Objective mark	Vertical dial read Count	And a half measuring return horn value	One measuring return horn value	Poor indicators x
O	Left Right	M	83-42-24 276-17-00	6-17-36 6-17-00	6-17-18	-18
O	Left Right	N	105-05-30 254-54-06	-15-5-30 -15-5-34	-15-5-42	-12

3. For a certain length 6 Secondary observation , The data are shown in the table below , seek ： The mean square error of each observation and the relative mean square error of the average .

Number of observations	Observed value	v	vv	meter count
1	60.46	+2	4
2	60.42	-2	4
3	60.44	0	0
4	60.44	0	0
5	60.43	-1	1
6	60.45	+1	1
∑		0	10

Four 、 Comprehensive calculation problem ：

1. In leveling , A Is the back view , B Is the forward view , It is known that A The point elevation is 28.516m , Rear view reading during measurement a = 1.134m , Forward looking reading b= 1.438m , seek ： AB Point height difference 、 B Point the elevation and draw the description AB Some relationship .

2. The measured round-trip distance is 55.218m 、 55.224m . Ask the relative difference ？

3. Closed leveling route , since BM A the 1 , 2 , 3 It closes at BM A , It is known that ： BM A = 65.238 rice , The observation data of each measurement section is shown in the table below , Complete the calculation and adjustment of leveling route , Calculate the elevation value of each benchmark and draw a sketch .（ The allowable closing error is ）

4. The mean square error of the four measured values of angle observation is 15" , If we observe nine times , Then what is the mean square error of the average ？

5. Set a right angle AOB , After general method measurement , Need to put B The point moves outward 3cm , It is known that OB= 300m , Ask the angle value measured accurately after setting ？ Drawing sketch .