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【Harmony OS】【ARK UI】ets use startAbility or startAbilityForResult to invoke Ability

2022-08-03 04:42:00 【Huawei Developer Forum】

 今天学习一下怎么实现启动一个Ability文档讲解,主要分为“参考资料”“api讲解”,“运行效果”三个部分讲解,

1.参考资料

参考资料启动一个Ability

2.Api讲解

startAbility

参数

参数名类型必填说明
parameterStartAbilityParameter是启动参数.

返回值

类型说明
PromisePromise形式返回启动结果.错误码参考 StartAbilityCode

示例

  var str = {
        "want": {
            "deviceId": "",
            "bundleName": "",
            "abilityName": "",
            "uri": "",
            "type": "image/*",
            "options": {},
            "action": "",
            "parameters": {},
            "entities": [
                "entity.com.example.mytest.ENTITIES"
            ]
        },
        "abilityStartSetting": {}
};
featureAbility.startAbility(str)
.then((data) => {
    console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
}).catch((error) => {
    console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
})

featureAbility.startAbilityForResult

startAbilityForResult(parameter: StartAbilityParameter, callback: AsyncCallback): void

以异步方法启动Ability并在结束的时候返回执行结果,使用callback形式返回结果.

参数：

参数名类型必填说明
parameterStartAbilityParameter是启动参数.
callbackAsyncCallback是callback形式返回结果

示例

var str = {
    "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "",
        "abilityName": "",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters": {},
        "entities": [
            "entity.com.example.mytest.ENTITIES"
        ]
    },
    "abilityStartSetting": {}
};
featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
    if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
    }
    console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + data);
});

补充说明

StartAbilityParameter

启动Ability所需参数.

名称参数类型可读可写说明
wantWant是是启动Ability的want信息.
abilityStartSetting{[key: string]: any}是是表示能力的特殊属性,当开发者启动能力时,该属性可以作为调用中的输入参数传递.
taskSyncAnimationOptionsTaskSyncAnimationOptions是是启动Ability时需要进行动画控制的特殊属性,当开发者希望控制启动Ability的动画时,请传入该参数,需要权限ohos.permission.CONTROL_TASK_SYNC_ANIMATOR.

Want

启动信息.

名称参数类型可读可写说明
deviceIdstring是是表示运行指定Ability的设备ID.
bundleNamestring是是表示包描述.如果在Want中同时指定了BundleName和AbilityName,则Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability.
abilityNamestring是是表示待启动的Ability名称.如果在Want中同时指定了BundleName和AbilityName,则Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability.
uristring是是表示Uri描述.如果在Want中指定了Uri,则Want将匹配指定的Uri信息,包括scheme, schemeSpecificPart, authority和path信息.
typestring是是表示MIME type类型描述,比如：“text/plain” 、 "image/*"等.
actionstring是是表示action选项描述.具体参考：Action使用时通过wantConstant.Action获取,示例：wantConstant.Action.ACTION_HOME.
entitiesArray是是表示entities相关描述.具体参考：Entity使用时通过wantConstant.Entity获取,示例：wantConstant.Entity.ENTITY_DEFAULT.
flagsnumber是是表示处理Want的方式.默认传数字,具体参考：Flags使用时通过wantConstant.Flags获取,示例：wantConstant.Flags.FLAG_INSTALL_ON_DEMAND.
parameters{[key: string]: any}是是表示WantParams描述.

3.运行效果

3.1准备阶段

在新建OnceAbility和TwoAbility两个Ability界面,如下图示所示,包名为“com.harmony.alliance.myapplication”

%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5.gif

config.json文件

2.在Index.ets写两个按钮“startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参”和“startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility”,代码如下

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  
  
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Text('startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        
      Text('startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      
        .backgroundColor(Color.Red)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

效果如图所示

cke_31499.png

3.2实现“startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参”

ets 实现点击按钮功能,代码如下

bundleName：就是config.json的bundleName,

abilityName就是ability的名称,

parameters：作为传递的参数

在OnceAbilitySlice使用如下代码进行接收

Intent intent1=  getAbility().getIntent();
IntentParams myIntentParams= intent1.getParams();
myIntentParams.getParam("key1")
public startOnceAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "OnceAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters":{key1:"value1",key2:"value2"}
      },
    };
    featureAbility.startAbility(str)
      .then((data) => {
        console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
      }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }

OnceAbilitySlice的xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ed6262"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:top_margin="20vp"
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="200vp"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="这是OnceAbility"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:mTvResult"
        ohos:height="200vp"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:text="参数:"
        ohos:multiple_lines="true"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:padding="10fp"
        ohos:background_element="#ffffff"/>

</DirectionalLayout>

效果如下

cke_50680.png

onceAbilitySlice代码如下

package com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.slice;

import com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.IntentParams;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class OnceAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    Text mTvResult;
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_once);
        Intent intent1=  getAbility().getIntent();
        IntentParams myIntentParams= intent1.getParams();
        mTvResult=findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_mTvResult);
        mTvResult.setText("参数："+"key1"+"===>"+myIntentParams.getParam("key1")+
                "\n key2:"+"===>"+myIntentParams.getParam("key2"));
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

3.3实现“startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参”

ets实现“startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility”ets代码如下

 public startTwoAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "TwoAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
      },
      "abilityStartSetting": {}
    };
    featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
      }
      console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
    });
  }

twoAbilitySlice的xml代码如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_two"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="关闭并回传数据"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>

效果图如下

cke_80063.png

TwoabilitySlice的代码如下

package com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.slice;

import com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;

public class TwoAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_two);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld).setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("key", "value");
                getAbility().setResult(1001, intent1);
                terminateAbility();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

ets全部代码如下

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  public startOnceAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "OnceAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters":{key1:"value1",key2:"value2"}
      },
    };
    featureAbility.startAbility(str)
      .then((data) => {
        console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
      }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }
  public startTwoAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "TwoAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
      },
      "abilityStartSetting": {}
    };
    featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
      }
      console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
    });
  }
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Text('startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(this.startOnceAbility.bind(this))

      Text('startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(this.startTwoAbility.bind(this))
        .backgroundColor(Color.Red)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

运行效果如下

%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C.gif

欲了解更多更全技术文章,欢迎访问:https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/forum/topic/0201822289188980017?fid=0102683795438680754?ha_source=zzh

 

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