Review summary of engineering surveying examination

1、 Engineering survey is designed according to the planning of engineering construction 、 The three stages of construction and operation management are divided into engineering survey 、 Construction survey and safety monitoring . Engineering construction can be divided into ： Site Selection 、 Preliminary design 、 Three stages of construction design . 2、 In the construction design stage of the project construction, the details of each building need to be designed in detail , Topographic map with larger scale is required , Generally, the scale is 1﹕500 to 1﹕2000 The topographic map of . 

3、 The mapping methods of large-scale topographic map include analog method and digital method . 

4、 The accuracy of large-scale topographic map can be analyzed from two aspects: plane position accuracy and elevation accuracy . 

5、 Generally, the scale is  1：1000  The topographic map of is called “ General topographic map ”. 

6、 The survey work in the survey and design stage includes preliminary survey 、 Preliminary survey and location survey . 

7、 The ultimate purpose of the preliminary survey of the railway is to map the strip topographic map . 

8、 Preliminary survey is the survey work in the preliminary design stage , Its field work includes big flag 、 Control measurement 、 Leveling and topographic survey . 

9、 The ultimate goal of railway location survey is ： Set the selected route on the ground . 10、 Location survey includes center line survey 、 Curve setting 、 Vertical and horizontal section measurement, etc , And collect data for construction design . 

11、 The leveling in the preliminary survey stage of the railway is divided into   Base level measurement   Leveling survey    . 

12、 The route location survey method includes threading and setting out 、 Angle setting out method 、RTK Method and total station polar coordinate method . 13、 The elevation of underwater point in underwater topographic survey is obtained by subtracting water depth from water level . 

14、 There are two commonly used measurement methods in underwater topographic survey: sounding line method and scattered point method . The layout of survey lines mainly considers the spacing and direction of survey lines . 

15、 When surveying underwater terrain for port channel , The direction of the main sounding line should be perpendicular to the direction of the isobath . 

16、 The main difference between underwater topographic survey and ordinary land topographic survey is that underwater topographic survey must carry out water level measurement and water depth measurement . 

17、 The key of underground pipeline exploration is to determine the plane position and buried depth of the pipeline . Underground pipeline detection methods include ： Electromagnetic method 、 Magnetic method 、 Seismic wave method 、 Direct current method 、 Infrared radiation method . 

18、 At present, the main methods of building measurement are ： whole

Station data acquisition method 、 There are three methods of close range photogrammetry and three-dimensional laser scanning measurement . 

19、 There are three kinds of conductors in tunnel construction ： Construction conductor 、 Basic conductor 、 Main conductor  

20、 New deformation observation technology ： Global positioning system 、 Synthetic aperture radar interferometry 、 Close range photogrammetry 、 Laser scanning technology  

21、4 A basic control network ： Engineering control network 、 Mapping control network 、 Construction control network 、 Deformation monitoring control network  

22、 Network type of construction horizontal control network ： Traverse network 、 Corner net 、GPS network  

23、 Bridge control network ： Primary control network 、 Encrypt the control network  24、 Tunnel construction control network ： Tunnel ground control network 、 Control network in tunnel  

25、 Water control network ： Plane construction control network 、 Elevation construction control network  26、DTM The establishment process includes ： Data collection （ sampling ）、 Data processing （ Insert ） Etc . 

27、 The main task of the construction control network is to set out the axis of the building . 

28、 Of plant control network   There are usually two ways to establish ： Baseline method 、 Axis method . 

29、 The rectangular coordinate method is especially suitable for setting out buildings close to the rectangular control network and convenient for distance measurement . 30、 The lofting data in polar coordinate lofting includes distance and angle . 

31、 Curves are divided into plane curves 、 Vertical curve 、 Interchange curve and other types . The plane curve is divided into ： Circular curve 、 transition curve 、 Back curve 、 Helix, etc . 32、 The measurement method of curve includes deflection angle method 、 Tangent offset method 、 Polar coordinate method . 

33、 The measurement of circular curve is usually carried out in two steps . First, carry out the measurement and setting of main points , Then carry out detailed curve measurement . 

34、 The essence of measuring curve details with deflection method is the intersection of direction and fixed length . 

35、 The main methods of vertical curve surveying are leveling 、 Trigonometric leveling . 

36、 Building deformation is mainly caused by two reasons , First, natural conditions and their changes , The second reason is the connection with the building itself . 

37、 In settlement observation , There are three types of points deployed ： Datum point 、 Working point and observation point . 38、 The frequency of deformation observation should reflect the process of change , And we can't miss the moment of change . 

39、 Static deformation is a function of time , Dynamic deformation is a function of external force . 

40、 To ensure the stability of deformation observation benchmark , We can take ： Deep burial method or method far away from the construction affected area .