Cloud native database

One 、 Overview of database development

        20 century 60 years , As computers enter the business system , When solving some real business problems , Data becomes the core product from the by-product of algorithm processing . Database management system （DataBase Management System DBMS） To become a specialized technical field , Data management is its core task , That is, the collection of data 、 classification 、 organization 、 code 、 Store 、 Handle 、 Application and maintenance .

1. Budding database

        1960 year , Charles · Bachmann joined ge GE, And developed the first database system IDS（Integrated Database System Integrated database system ）,IDS Is a network model database system . Later Bachmann joined the database systems committee , With IDS The language standard of the mesh model is established for the main input .

1969 year ,IBM A database system was developed for the Apollo program IMS（Information Management System mis ）, A hierarchical model is used , Support transaction processing .

Mesh model and hierarchical model are pioneers of database technology , It solves the problem of data centralization and sharing , But because of the lack of data independence and abstraction level , When users access these two databases , The storage structure of data needs to be clarified , Indicate the access method and path , It is more complicated for users but not popular .

2. The commercialization of database started

        1970 year ,IBM Research Institute of the company E.F.Codd In his thesis A Relationa Model of Data for Large Shaerd Data Banks（ Data relation model of large shared database ） A relational model is proposed （Relational Model）, Provides a high level of data abstraction , It does not specify the specific process of data access , It's up to you DBMS Realize it by yourself , This model lays a theoretical foundation for relational database technology .

        1974 year ,INGRES（Interactive Graphics and Retrieval Ststem Interactive graphics and retrieval system ） It is proved that the relational model is efficient and practical ,INGRES Use QUEL As a query language .

        meanwhile ,IBM Realize the potential of relational databases , Develop a relational database in the laboratory System R And the matching structured query language SQL（Structred Query Language）.

        20 century 70 End of the decade ,SQL stay Oracle and IBM DB2 Developed and commercialized in , In the end to 1986 By the ANSI organization （AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE American National Standards Institute ） Adopted as the standard language of relational database .

       About INGRES and SQL Of interest in the standard language debate can be found in About SQL- First generation data UI The origin and struggle of standards - You know Preface ： Borderless data boundary language ,SQL For data analysts , Perhaps the most familiar is SQL The language ： Skillfully use SQL, It is one of the most basic skill requirements for data analysts . SQL As a general data query language , Whether it is the traditional relational database MySQL database ,…https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/117266274

3. The development of database is mature

        20 century 80 years , After more than ten years of development , As the relational data model matures , It gave birth Oracle、IBM DB2、Microsoft SQL and Infomix And a large number of popular database system software , The development of database technology and programming language 、 Software Engineering 、 Information system design and other technologies interact , It promotes the further research of database theory .

         The development of commercial database also drives the continuous evolution of open source database technology , The two current open source database systems MySQL and PostgreSQL Also born in this period .

4.OLTP And OLAP

        The early rise database is mainly used to deal with online transactions , It is called online transaction processing system （On-Line Transaction Processing,OLTP）. With the wide application of relational database in information system , Business data is accumulating more and more. How to use data to support business decisions has gradually become an important demand , Therefore, the online analysis and processing system appears （On-Line Analytical Processing,OLAP） The concept of , To meet the needs of this scenario ,IBM Our institute creatively put forward data warehouse （Data Warehouse） The concept of .

5. Cloud native and distributed era

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--- Learning notes refer to 《 Principle and practice of cloud native database 》（ Electronic industry press ）