CentOS MySQL installation details

Linux There are several common ways to install software on ：

• Source code compilation
• Decompress the package （ It's usually tar.gz）
• Compiled installation package （RPM、DPKG etc. ）
• Online installation （YUM、APT etc. ）

The convenience of the above methods increases in turn , But the commonality decreases in turn , For example, download the compressed package directly for decompression , This method usually requires some additional configuration work , But as long as you master the method , Each platform is basically applicable ,YUM Simple though , But the platform is limited , Network constrained , If necessary, some specific YUM Source .

It is best to master several installation methods , In principle, if you can use simple ones, use simple ones ：YUM > RPM > tar.gz > Source code
This article introduces MySQL stay CentOS The installation of the , The main steps are for reference MySQL Official documents ：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/installing.html

One 、YUM

0、 Remove installed MySQL

Check MariaDB

shell> rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

Delete mariadb

If it doesn't exist （ The above check result returns null ） Then skip step

shell> rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server
shell> rpm -e --nodeps mariadb
shell> rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

Actually yum The installation method is that you don't need to delete mariadb Of , install MySQL Will overwrite the existing mariadb

Check MySQL

shell> rpm -qa|grep mysql

Delete MySQL
If it doesn't exist （ The above check result returns null ） Then skip step

shell> rpm -e --nodeps xxx

1、 add to MySQL Yum Repository

from CentOS 7 Start ,MariaDB Become Yum The default database installation package in the source . That is to say CentOS 7 And above yum install MySQL The default installation will be MariaDB（MySQL A branch of ）. If you want to install the official MySQL edition , Need to use MySQL Provided Yum Source .

download MySQL Source

Official website address ：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
Check the system version ：

shell> cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

Select the corresponding version to download , for example CentOS 7 Currently, check the latest on the official website Yum The download address of the source is ：
https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

shell> wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

install MySQL Source

shell> sudo rpm -Uvh platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm

for example CentOS7 Current latest MySQL Source installation ：

shell> sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

Check if the installation is successful

The successful implementation will be in /etc/yum.repos.d/ Two repo file mysql-community.repo And mysql-community-source.repo

And through yum repolist You can see mysql Related resources

shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
!mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                108
!mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      90
!mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server                113

2、 choice MySQL edition

Use MySQL Yum Repository install MySQL, The latest stable version will be selected by default , For example, through the above MySQL If the source is installed , Default installation will select MySQL 8.0 edition , If you just want to install this version , You can skip this step directly , If not , For example, I want to install MySQL5.7 edition , Need “ Switch versions ”：

View the current MySQL Yum Repository All in MySQL edition （ Each version is in a different Repository ）

shell> yum repolist all | grep mysql

Switch versions

shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

Besides using yum-config-manager outside , You can also edit /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo file
enabled=0 Ban

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

enabled=1 Enable

# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

Check the currently enabled MySQL Warehouse

shell> yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

If multiple warehouses are enabled at the same time , The latest version will be selected during installation

3、 install MySQL

shell> sudo yum install mysql-community-server

This command will install MySQL The server (mysql-community-server) And its required dependencies 、 Related components , Include mysql-community-client、mysql-community-common、mysql-community-libs etc.

If the bandwidth is not enough , This step will take a long time , Please be patient ~

4、 start-up MySQL

start-up

shell> sudo systemctl start mysqld.service

CentOS 6：

shell> sudo service mysqld start

Check the status

shell> sudo systemctl status mysqld.service

CentOS 6：

shell> sudo service mysqld status

stop it

shell> sudo systemctl stop mysqld.service

CentOS 6：

shell> sudo service mysqld stop

restart

shell> sudo systemctl restart mysqld.service

CentOS 6：

shell> sudo service mysqld restart

5、 Change Password

Initial password
MySQL The super administrator account will be created after the first startup [email protected], The initial password is stored in the log file ：

shell> sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Change the default password

shell> mysql -uroot -p

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

The above prompt appears because the password is too simple , The solution is as follows ：

1. Use complex passwords ,MySQL The default password policy is to include numbers 、 Letters and special characters ;
2. If it's just for testing , I don't want to use such a complex password , You can modify the default policy , namely validate_password_policy（ as well as validate_password_length And so on ）, Make it support the setting of simple password , Specific methods can be self Baidu ;
3. Modify the configuration file /etc/my.cnf, add to validate_password=OFF, Save and restart MySQL

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

6、 allow root The remote access

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7、 Set the code to utf8

View encoding

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

Set encoding
edit /etc/my.cnf,[mysqld] Add the following code to the node ：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

8、 Set boot up

shell> systemctl enable mysqld
shell> systemctl daemon-reload

Two 、RPM

In addition to the installation process , Other steps and yum The installation method is the same , I won't repeat

0、 Delete the old version

A little

1、 download MySQL Installation package

Download address ：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
Select the corresponding version ：

shell> wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

2、 install MySQL

decompression （ Unpacking ）

shell> tar -xvf mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

We mainly install these four （ Others can be installed together if necessary ）：

mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

If you don't want to download rpm-bundle, The official website also provides a separate rpm Download link

install

various rpm Packages are dependent , So you need to install them in a certain order , If you are prompted about the missing dependencies during installation, you should also install the corresponding packages first ：

shell> rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
shell> rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
shell> rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
shell> rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

There is another simple way , You can automatically handle dependencies between packages and automatically download missing dependencies ：

shell> yum install mysql-community-{
    server,client,common,libs}-*

Be careful ： above yum install The order needs to be in tar Each after decompression rpm Execute in the directory where the package is located , Otherwise it will become yum Mode installed , Need configuration MySQL Of yum Source and very slow , Also, the current machine supports Internet access

3、 Set up

A little

3、 ... and 、tar.gz

0、 Delete old version

A little

1、 download

Download address ：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
Select the corresponding version ：

shell> wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、 install & To configure ：

rely on

MySQL rely on libaio library , If you don't install it first ：

shell> yum install libaio

establish mysql user

A system account that does not require login , start-up MySQL This account will be used for service

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

Unzip and create links

shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
shell> ln -s mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

establish mysql-files Catalog

This step is not necessary , You can set secure_file_priv The value of points to the directory （ Directory used to restrict data import and export operations ）

shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files

initialization

shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

The following error occurs during initialization ：

error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Because libnuma No installation （ Or the default installation is 32 position ）, We need 64 Bit ：

shell> yum install numactl.x86_64

Reinitialize after execution After successful initialization, one line in the returned result contains the initial password , Use it when you log in for the first time ：

A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: 8M0ary878s*U

Enable SSL（ Not necessary ）

shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

start-up

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

Viewing the process, you can see some default parameters , These parameters can be modified in the configuration file

shell> ps -ef | grep mysql
root     14604 12719  0 00:03 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql    14674 14604  0 00:03 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=VM_2_24_centos.err --pid-file=VM_2_24_centos.pid

Set the environment variable

Avoid every execution mysql The command should be added with the path , stay /etc/profile Add ：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

Set to service

shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
shell> service mysqld start|stop|restart|status

Boot up

shell> chkconfig --add mysqld
shell> chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld         	0: Turn off 	1: Turn off 	2: open 	3: open 	4: open 	5: open 	6: Turn off 

Other configuration and yum、rpm identical , I won't repeat