55 specific ways to improve program design (1)

Get used to C++

Clause 01： Depending on the C++ For a language Federation

•  C. At the end of the day C++ Still with C Based on . block （blocks）、 sentence （statements）、 The preprocessor （preprocessor）、 Built in data types （build-in data type）、 Array （arrays）、 The pointer （pointers） All from C. A lot of time C++ The solution to the problem is actually just a higher level C solution （ For example, clause 2 Talking about an alternative to the preprocessor , Clause 13 When it comes to managing resources with objects ）, But when you take C++ Internal C When ingredients work , Efficient programming rules reflect C Language limitations ： No template （templates）、 No abnormal （exceptions）、 No overloading （overloading） etc. ...
• Object-Oriented C++. This part is C with Classes Appeal ：classes（ Including constructors and destructors ）, encapsulation （encapsulation）、 Inherit （inheritance）、 polymorphic （polymorphism）、virtual function （ Dynamic binding ）...... wait . This part is the classical code of object-oriented design C++ Most direct implementation .
• Template C++. This is a C++ Generic programming for （generic programming） part , It is also the least experienced part of most programmers .template Relevant considerations and design have pervaded the whole C++, Good programming practices “ only template apply ” Special provisions are not uncommon （ For example, clause 46 When it comes to calling template function How to assist in type conversion ）. In fact, because of template Powerful , They bring new paradigms （programming paradigm）, It's called template metaprogramming（TMP, Template metaprogramming ）. Clause 48 This provides an overview , But unless you are template The backbone of the radical team , There is no need to worry about this .TMP The relevant rules are rarely related to C++ Mainstream programming interacts .
• STL.STL It's a template library , Look at the name , But it's a very special one . It's for containers （containers）、 iterator （iterators）、 Algorithm （algorithms） And function objects （function objects） There is excellent coordination and coordination between the two protocols , However templates And libraries can also be built with other ideas .STL Have their own special way of doing things , When you are with STL Working together , You must abide by his rules .

        C++ It's not an all-in-one language with a set of rules ： He is a federal government composed of four sub languages , Each sub language has its own rules . Remember these four sub languages , You'll find out C++ Easy to understand a lot .

please remember

• C++ Efficient programming rules vary depending on the situation , It's up to you to use C++ Which part of .