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数控加工中心打刀缸工作原理及故障处理
2022-06-30 14:45:00 【lrglu】
打刀缸作用
打刀缸主要是用于加工中心机床、数控铣床刀具自动或半自动交换机构中的主轴打刀,还可作为夹具及其他机构的夹紧装置。30#主轴一般选用2.0T的打刀缸。40#主轴一般选用3.5T的打刀缸。50#主轴一般选用6T的打刀缸。
打刀缸工作原理
型钢加工中心主轴一般会配置打刀气缸,用以完成刀柄安装更换。它是一种增力气液转换装置,压缩空气作用于打刀气缸活塞,产生推力,通过拉缸夹紧刀头,在下刀时,通过“吹气”的方式,将刀头松开及清理,便于换刀,实现机械装置的动作。
打刀缸在长期使用中常见故障
一、打刀气缸电磁阀漏气
1、漏气,是阀体内的密封圈磨损或阀体内有异物导致阀内活塞为退回到位 更换密封圈清晰发体内部即可
2、线圈处漏气,阀体内的密封垫破损或阀体螺丝松动,检查阀体固定螺丝,更换密封垫
二、打刀气缸活塞杆处发生“外泄漏”故障
1、检查导向套、活塞杆密封圈处是否磨损,活塞杆是否偏磨,如上述情况发生则更换活塞杆、密封圈,改善润滑效果,采用导轨等;
2、检查活塞杆是否有伤痕、腐蚀,如有伤痕或腐蚀,更换活塞杆;
3、检查活塞杆与导向套间是否有杂质,如有杂质需除去杂质,然后安装防尘圈;
三、当型钢加工中心打刀气缸缸体与端盖处处发生“外泄漏”故障
1、检查密封圈是否损坏,如损坏需更换密封圈;
2、检查固定螺钉是否松动,如松动需紧固固定螺钉;
四、当数控加工中心打刀气缸发生“内泄漏(即活塞两侧窜气)”故障
1、检查活塞密封圈是否损坏,如损坏需进行更换;
2、检查活塞配合面是否有缺陷,如有缺陷需更换活塞;
3、检查是否有杂贡挤火密封面,如有杂质应除去;
4、检查活塞是否被卡住,如卡住应重新安装活塞。消除活塞杆的偏载;
五、当型钢加工中心打刀气缸运行途中发生‘停止’故障
1、检查负载与打刀气缸轴线是否同心,如不同心,可使用浮动接头连接负载;
2、检查打刀气缸内是否混入固态污染物,如有污染物需进行清理,同时要改善气源产生空气的质量;
3、检查打刀气缸内密封圈是否损坏,如损坏应进行更换;
4、检查负载导向情况,如导向不良应重新调整负载的导向装置;
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