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路由策略简介
2022-07-27 23:31:00 【微思xmws】

定义
路由策略是通过一系列工具或方法对路由进行各种控制的“策略”。该策略能够影响到路由产生、发布、选择等,进而影响报文的转发路径。工具包括ACL、route-policy、ip-prefix、filter-policy等,方法包括对路由进行过滤,设置路由的属性等。
目的
在IP网络中,路由策略的用途主要包括两个方面:对路由信息进行过滤和修改路由的属性,如表1所示。

通过路由策略对路由信息进行过滤

图1 通过路由策略对路由信息进行过滤
如图1所示,SwitchA属于双上行的组网结构,SwitchA会从SwitchB和SwitchC那里分别接收到路由。如果SwitchA仅希望接收来自SwitchB的路由,而不希望接收来自SwitchC的路由。这种情况下就可以考虑在SwitchA上配置路由策略,允许来自SwitchB的路由,拒绝来自SwitchC的路由。
通过路由策略修改路由的属性

图2 通过路由策略修改路由的属性
如图2所示,SwitchA也是双上行的网络结构,但是,由于SwitchB这边的链路稳定性更好一点,带宽更大一点,因此用户想用SwitchB这边的链路作为主用链路,SwitchC这边的链路作为备用链路,当主用链路故障的时候流量自动切换至备用链路。这种场景下,可以使用路由策略,将来自SwitchB这边的路由开销值调小,将来自SwitchC这边的路由开销值调大,这样流量就会自动选取SwitchB这边的链路作为主用链路,SwitchC这边的链路作为备用链路,实现路由的主备份。
受益
路由策略具有以下价值:
控制路由的接收、发布和引入,提高网络安全性。
修改路由属性,对网络数据流量进行合理规划,提高网络性能。
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