Database Skills: Organize SQL Server's Very Practical Scripts

今天给大家分享自己在工作当中用到的SQLServer一些常用的脚本,希望能对大家有所帮助！

1、  查询数据库所有表结构

通过该脚本可以快速查找表字段,或者生成数据库设计文档、进行数据库对比.

SELECT obj.name 表名,
col.colorder AS 序号 ,
col.name AS 列名 ,
ISNULL(ep.[value], '') AS 列说明 ,
t.name AS 数据类型 ,
CASE WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN '1'
ELSE ''
END AS 允许空 ,
ISNULL(comm.text, '') AS 默认值,
Coalesce(epTwo.value, '') AS documentation
FROM dbo.syscolumns col
LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id
AND obj.xtype = 'U'
AND obj.status >= 0
LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id
AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE obj.name in(
SELECT
ob.name 
FROM sys.objects AS ob
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS ep
ON ep.major_id = ob.object_id
AND ep.class = 1
AND ep.minor_id = 0
WHERE ObjectProperty(ob.object_id, 'IsUserTable') = 1 
)
ORDER BY obj.name ;

2、SQLServer 查询数据库各个数据表、索引文件占用的存储空间

可以快速查询数据库中表、索引占用的存储空间,找到哪些表占用了大量的存储空间,便于进行数据库优化.

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sys_viewTableSpace]
AS


BEGIN


SET NOCOUNT ON;


CREATE TABLE [dbo].#tableinfo(
 表名 [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
 记录数 [int] NULL,
 预留空间 [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
 使用空间 [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
 索引占用空间 [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
 未用空间 [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL
)


insert into #tableinfo(表名, 记录数, 预留空间, 使用空间, 索引占用空间, 未用空间)
exec sp_MSforeachtable "exec sp_spaceused '?'"


select * from #tableinfo
order by 记录数 desc


drop table #tableinfo


END
-- 执行方法
exec sys_viewtablespace

3、清理数据库日志文件

数据库日志文件一般都会非常大,甚至占用超过几百G甚至上T,如果不需要进行一直保留数据库日志文件,可以建一个数据库作业,定时清理数据库日志文件,具体可以采用下面的脚本.

USE master




ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY SIMPLE WITH NO_WAIT


ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY SIMPLE --调整为简单模式


USE DB


DBCC SHRINKFILE (N'DB_log' , 2, TRUNCATEONLY) --设置压缩后的日志大小为2M,可以自行指定


USE master


ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY FULL WITH NO_WAIT


ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY FULL --还原为完全模式

4、SQLServer查看锁表和解锁

工作中遇到查询的时候一直查询不出来结果,可以执行该脚本判断是否锁表,然后解锁就可以正常查询数据了.

-- 查询被锁表
select request_session_id   spid,OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName   
from   sys.dm_tran_locks where resource_type='OBJECT';
--参数说明 spid   锁表进程 ;tableName   被锁表名
-- 解锁语句 需要拿到spid然后杀掉缩表进程
declare @spid  int 
Set @spid  = 57 --锁表进程
declare @sql varchar(1000)
set @sql='kill '+cast(@spid  as varchar)
exec(@sql)

5、SQLServer生成日期维度表

该脚本可以生成一个日期维度的数据表,通过该数据表可以解决很多报表查询问题.非常实用.

--1、创建数据表 T_Date
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[T_Date](
[the_date] [int] NOT NULL,
[date_name] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[the_year] [int] NULL,
[year_name] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[the_quarter] [int] NULL,
[quarter_name] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[the_month] [int] NULL,
[month_name] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[the_week] [int] NULL,
[week_name] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[week_day] [int] NULL,
[week_day_name] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_T_Date] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
[the_date] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO


-- 2、创建生成日期的存储过程
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION]  ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO


CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION]
@begin_date nvarchar(50)='2015-01-01' ,
@end_date nvarchar(50)='2030-12-31'
as
/*
SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION: 生成时间维数据
begin_date: 开始时间
end_date:结束时间
*/
declare 
@dDate date=convert(date,@begin_date),
@v_the_date varchar(10),
@v_the_year varchar(4),
@v_the_quarter varchar(2),
@v_the_month varchar(10),
@v_the_month2 varchar(2),
@v_the_week varchar(2),
@v_the_day varchar(10),
@v_the_day2 varchar(2),
@v_week_day nvarchar(10),
@adddays int=1;
WHILE (@dDate<=convert(date,@end_date))
begin
set @v_the_date=convert(char(10),@dDate,112);--key值格式为yyyyMMdd
set @v_the_year=DATEPART("YYYY",@dDate);--年份
set @v_the_quarter=DATEPART("QQ",@dDate);--季度
set @v_the_month=DATEPART("MM",@dDate);--月份(字符型)
set @v_the_day=DATEPART("dd",@dDate);--日(字符型)
set @v_the_week=DATEPART("WW",@dDate);--年的第几周
set @v_week_day=DATEPART("DW",@dDate); --星期几
-- 插入数据
insert into T_Date(the_date,date_name,the_year,year_name,the_quarter,quarter_name,the_month,month_name,the_week,week_name,week_day,week_day_name)
values(
@v_the_date,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+'年'+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)+'月'+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_day)+'日',
@v_the_year,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+'年',
@v_the_quarter,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+'年'+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_quarter)+'季度',
case when @v_the_month>=10 then 
convert(int,(convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)))
else convert(int,convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+'0'+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)) end,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+'年'+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)+'月',
@v_the_week
,'第'+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_week)+'周',
@v_week_day,
case @v_week_day-1 
when 1 then '星期一' 
when 2 then '星期二' 
when 3 then '星期三'
when 4 then '星期四' 
when 5 then '星期五' 
when 6 then '星期六'
when 0 then '星期日'
else '' end
);
set @dDate=dateadd(day,@adddays,@dDate);
continue
if @dDate=dateadd(day,-1,convert(date,@end_date))
break
end


-- 3、执行存储过程生成数据
GO
DECLARE @return_value int
EXEC    @return_value = [dbo].[SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION]
SELECT    'Return Value' = @return_value
GO

6、设置SQLServer Newly added user password does not expire

When adding new database users, remember to set the user password not to expire

-- SQLSERVERSet the newly added database user password not to expire 
- myuser 数据库用户名
-- 88888888 数据库密码
    USE Master
    GO
    ALTER LOGIN [myuser] WITH PASSWORD = '88888888'
    GO
    ALTER LOGIN [myuser] WITH
    CHECK_POLICY = OFF,
    CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF;