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5G Massive MIMO的概念和优点总结
2022-07-01 06:53:00 【通信学生一枚】
概念:在基站端布置几十甚至上百个天线规模的天线阵列,通过波束成形(beam forming)技术,构造朝向多个目标的客户的不同波束,并有效地减少各个波束间的干扰,这种空间资源的充分发掘,可以有效地利用宝贵而稀缺的频带资源并且几十倍地提升网络容量。
优点:
(1)提升频谱效率。根据大数定律,当基站天线数目持续增加到无穷大时,不同用户的信道呈现渐近正交性,该特性称为有利信道条件。理论上,用户间干扰可以完全被消除,噪声也随天线增加到无穷而趋于消失。同时,大规模MIMO的空间分辨率显著提高,极高的空间自由度可以满足多个用户在同一时频资源上同时通信。
(2)提升能量效率。大规模天线阵列的使用,提高了阵列増益,无论是上行发送还是下行发送都可以使用较小的发射功率达到较好的通信质量,从而使得系统能量效率提升几个数量级。
(3)简化上层用户调度。随机矩阵理论表明,随着基站天线数目的急剧增加,原来一些随机的信道特性开始变确定了,比如信道矩阵的奇异值分布趋于确定,信道矩阵趋于良性矩阵,该现象称为大规模MIMO的信道硬化效应。这使得当基站天线数目持续增加的时候,信道小尺度衰落和热噪声都趋于消失,从而可以尽可能避免用户陷于深衰落,缩短空口等待时延,简化上层用户调度策略。
(4)降低系统复杂度。大规模MIMO采用简单的线性预编码器,如最大比发送,就可以达到与最优的非线性预编码方案(如脏纸编码等)近似的性能,从而大大简化系统复杂度。
(5)降低系统部署成本。大规模MIMO极高的空间自由度,可以用于波束赋形,如果采用恒定包络调制信号,可以大幅降低发射信号峰均比,从而可以在射频前端采用低线性复杂度、低成本、低功耗的硬件设备,大幅降低部署成本。
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