Texture enhancement

Texture enhancement

Because the above image is too “ Fuzzy paste ”, So try to use “ Spatial filtering ” To enhance the texture .

Life is like a tree with flowers , Fall with the wind . There is a curtain that falls on the mat , The self closing fence fell into the dung . Those who fall on the mat , Your highness is also . Those who fall into the dung , The lower officer is also . Although high and low, they have different ways , Where is the cause and effect ？

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• Texture enhancement
• Calculation scheme
• Enhancement effect
• Make complaints about it

  • The power of data
  • Digital games
  • The power of compassion

Calculation scheme

In a word , Is to manipulate integral variables

say concretely , That is, we no longer think that all voxels in the brain are meaningful . So which voxels are “ It makes no sense ” What about ？ Let me give you an example

“ Meaningless voxel ” Sketch Map

“ Meaningless voxel ” Sketch Map

Consider the yellow area in the diagram , It represents a large homogeneous mass of tissue , Its internal pixel values are consistent . If all similar pixels are included in the integral , It will cause the blur of the whole image . It's like looking out the window through the frosted glass .

And we are looking at a MRI When the image , In fact, we don't pay special attention to such uniform organization , It's about the organization “ edge ”, Or with “ texture ” Is more interested in , As shown in the following figure, the red box indicates the brain area .

The red box indicates densely textured brain areas

The red box indicates densely textured brain areas

It is not difficult to achieve this goal , The simplest solution is to use 3 The spatial convolution of two directions

among , and Represent the gray value of the convoluted image and the original image respectively . After calculation , And then filter it out in a certain proportion Pixel values with larger values , You can achieve retention （ enhance ） The effect of texture .

Enhancement effect

The following image is a texture enhanced rendering , You can see , It is sharper and more prominent at the edges of successive areas .

et3.png

et1.png

et2.png

Make complaints about it

People are really visual animals . Two rendering methods are given above , One is primitive volume rendering ; The other is the volume rendering effect that only keeps the edges . Although they are all real data , But it gives people a completely different look . The former looks like a ball of cotton , The latter is like a piece of glass .

The power of data

Take the recent hot topic of college entrance examination as an example , Some people say that the college entrance examination is unfair , Because Beijing 、 tianjin 、 The admission rate of cities like Shanghai is much higher than that of other provinces .

Of course , This ratio usually refers to “ Enrollment ratio ”.

Enrollment ratio ： The number of students admitted in that year is the same as Number of applicants for the college entrance examination The ratio of the , It means if you take the college entrance examination , Then your probability of being admitted ;

If you are a Beijing examinee , Then your probability of being admitted is that of Henan examinee 6 times . This is a great injustice .

Enrollment ratio

Enrollment ratio

But in order to examine more clearly what is TMD fair , Another data can be cited , This is it. “ Enrollment ratio ”.

Enrollment ratio ： The number of students admitted in that year is the same as The population of the whole province The ratio of the , It means if you are from the province , Then the probability that you were admitted .

From this data , Except Tibet 、 Xinjiang and Ningxia , No part of the country is affected by “ Give preferential treatment ”.

Enrollment ratio

Enrollment ratio

in other words , Judging from the enrollment ratio , Beijing 、 Tianjin and Shanghai have received considerable preferential treatment ; But judging from the ratio of the admitted population , Each province is similar , Or fair enough . There are two more concepts besides the college entrance examination , One is the population of the whole province , The other is the number of applicants for the college entrance examination . The relationship between them is very delicate . As the population of each province varies greatly , Let's just calculate the proportion . The picture below is ” Enrollment ratio “, What does this indicator mean ？

Enrollment ratio ： The ratio of the number of applicants in that year to the number of people in the whole province , It means if you are from the province , Then your probability of taking the college entrance examination that year .

Let's have a look , Beijing 、 Tianjin and Shanghai , They are in the bottom three . If you are from Henan , So you are in 2021 The probability of taking the college entrance examination in is that of Beijingers 6 times .

If this concept is not easy to understand , I'll just say it twice

• If the Beijing family has 1 Three children took the college entrance examination , Henan family has 6 individual ;
• If the Henan family has 1 Three children took the college entrance examination , Beijing needs to gather together 6 The family can find a child to take the college entrance examination .

Enrollment ratio

Enrollment ratio

Now think about a question , If you are crossing the Naihe bridge , Beijing 、 Henan , Choose either one , Which pit do you want to jump into ？

Digital games

If you want to solve the problem of college entrance examination ” Unfair “, What to do ？ All candidates across the country take one test paper ？ Or more extreme , Beijing 、 There is no difference between Tianjin and Shanghai , All transferred to Henan .

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such , Henan ” Enrollment ratio “ than 0.008430 Double , Up to the 0.016. so what ？ Is it very tall ？ Now the value of Shanghai is 0.050, Still higher than Henan 3 More than double . Like to see , Beijing 、 Tianjin and Shanghai are definitely not enough , Then it will be distributed according to the number of applications . Give Way 985 The admission ratio of colleges and universities is set at the 0.05. such , Candidates from Henan Province alone need 6 ten thousand 2500 Places .

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and 2021 All over the country 985 The number of places admitted to colleges and universities adds up to 18 ten thousand , Henan needs to split one third .

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What is more absurd is , The number of applicants in Chinese provinces ranges from more to less , Up to the top 7 Provinces will divide the quota , Almost to Guangxi . Other provinces can wash and sleep .

But there's good news , He was born in Henan last year 79.3 Ten thousand newborns , Than those who took the college entrance examination 125 Ten thousand examinees are less 45 ten thousand people . presumably 18 It will be much easier to balance the admission fairness of the college entrance examination after years . But I'm not sure if this is good news .

The power of compassion

Maybe you can see , The so-called fairness of the college entrance examination is not and cannot only be a question of quota allocation . The driving force behind it is China's unprecedented population structure 、 Socio economic conditions 、 Household registration policy 、 Family planning policy and various factors .

And these numbers games only hit the surface of the problem . A number 125 Wan is easy to write , But it represents 125 The joys and sorrows of ten thousand people , And, of course, their families . And put it all over China , The number is about 14 Billion . We have 14 A hundred million shares of sympathy to everyone ？

Just like the previous rendering , For pixels in the same picture , As long as it appears in different places , It will be absolutely ” fair “ The results of spatial filter calculation are very different , As the saying goes

Life is like a tree with flowers , Fall with the wind . There is a curtain that falls on the mat , The self closing fence fell into the dung . Those who fall on the mat , Your highness is also . Those who fall into the dung , The lower officer is also . Although high and low, they have different ways , Where is the cause and effect ？

People have different environments , Their behavior is naturally different . It's even scarier , Therefore, the external evaluation of them is even different . People behave because of their environment , Actions lead to consequences , The consequences lead to rewards and punishments , Rewards and punishments will, in turn, affect the subsequent decisions of individuals . You can imagine that the label of an extremely gregarious or unsociable person has been marked for a long time 、 Hard process , And how he or she or it as an individual can integrate with such an environment 、 Process of interaction .

We certainly hope that this environment is tolerant 、 Understanding and sympathetic , Not confrontation 、 Suspicion and mutual strife .

Liucixin is in his 《 Trisomy 》 It is repeated in , Civilize the years , Instead of giving civilization time . This is the power of compassion . But true compassion is hard , Even its previous step , It's very difficult to put yourself in the shoes of others . This is believed in 2021 For those of you and me who have experienced countless events that have subverted the views of modern civilization in the past years , Each will have a deep feeling , I don't have to say anything .

This article is written after seeing Mo Yan's award speech when he won the prize

Mo Yan is a poet who tears down stereotypical propaganda posters, elevating the individual from an anonymous human mass. Using ridicule and sarcasm Mo Yan attacks history and its falsifications as well as deprivation and political hypocrisy. Playfully and with ill-disguised delight, he reveals the murkiest aspects of human existence, almost inadvertently finding images of strong symbolic weight.

Mo Yan is a torn down procedural propaganda poster , A poet who brings ordinary people to the table one by one . He attacked history and its falsification in a cynical way , And the act of deprivation and political disguise . He jokingly revealed the darkest aspects of life , Casually grope for a very symbolic image .

North-eastern Gaomi county embodies China’s folk tales and history. Few real journeys can surpass these to a realm where the clamour of donkeys and pigs drowns out the voices of the people’s commissars and where both love and evil assume supernatural proportions.

Northeast township of Gaomi County embodies Chinese folk stories and history , Not through such stories , It is almost difficult for you to enter a country where the roaring of donkeys and pigs drown out the voice of Party and government leaders , There? , Love and evil have reached a supernatural level .

Mo Yan’s imagination soars across the entire human existence. He is a wonderful portrayer of nature; he knows virtually all there is to know about hunger, and the brutality of China’s 20th century has probably never been described so nakedly, with heroes, lovers, torturers, bandits – and especially, strong, indomitable mothers. He shows us a world without truth, common sense or compassion, a world where people are reckless, helpless and absurd.

Mo Yan's imagination swept the whole life situation . He is an expert at depicting nature ; All aspects of hunger , He knows almost everything . In China 20 The tyranny of the century , Perhaps he has never described his heroes so plainly 、 Lover 、 The abuser 、 robber , Especially in the story of a strong and fearless mother . He showed us that there is no truth , A world lacking common sense or compassion , The crowd among them all seemed reckless 、 Helpless and absurd .

Proof of this misery is the cannibalism that recurs in China’s history. In Mo Yan, it stands for unrestrained consumption, excess, rubbish, carnal pleasures and the indescribable desires that only he can attempt to elucidate beyond all tabooed limitations.

The phenomenon of cannibalism that has occurred repeatedly in Chinese history is the evidence of this tragic world . In Mo Yan's pen , It also presents itself as unrestrained consumption , Extravagance , Nonsense , Pleasure of food and sex , And all kinds of unspeakable desires , Only Mo Yan can break through all the taboos , Trying to explain all that .