Software Testing Technology: cross platform mobile UI automated testing (Part 2)

3、 Use JavaScript The engine executes the code ：JavaScript Engine selection

iOS You can use the system's own JavaScriptCore Framework implementation .Android Can be used in Rhino As an execution engine ,Rhino It's a use Java language-written JavaScript Open source implementation , Originally by Mozilla Development , Now integrated into JDK 6.0. Of course, you can choose Chrome Of V8 The engine performs , choice Rhino The reason for the engine is that it uses Java Language writing , You can use jar Integrate into the project in the form of packages .

4.1、JavaScript call Native The end plug-in executes the command ：JavaScript and Native Terminal communication method

If you use WebView To display the web page , You can use WebView The characteristics of JavaScript and Native End （ Unification index iOS and Android End ） signal communication . But directly use JavaScript When the engine , Can't use shouldOverrideUrlLoading() And other methods to intercept specific instructions , also Native Code and JavaScript Different scopes , Objects cannot be shared with each other , Therefore, we cannot call each other directly . In this case , The engineer is in JavaScript Memory space to maintain an instruction queue , whenever JavaScript Need to call Native Code , Push the instruction into the instruction queue ,Native The client takes an instruction from the instruction queue to execute , After execution , Check whether there is a next instruction in the instruction queue to continue execution , Until all instructions are executed .

4.2、JavaScript call Native The end plug-in executes the command ：JavaScript and Native End communication protocol

JavaScript Every instruction in the instruction queue , Include the plug-in name 、 The goal is 、 Parameter three parts .

Native After receiving the plug-in name , Find in advance Native Plug ins registered on the client , Pass in details “ The goal is ” and “ Parameters ” To execute .

Each instruction can be written in “ The plug-in name :// The goal is ? Parameters ” In the form of .

For example, it is often used in test code perform_event plug-in unit ：

The above instructions represent execution Native Terminal “ Click... On the interface 7 Daily annualized yield ” The user action .

5.1、 Run the test business according to the instructions ：Native The client uses plug-ins to execute instructions

Native A series of plug-ins need to be registered when the client starts , for example perform_event The plug-in represents the execution of user actions ,snapshot Representative screenshot . Because the plug-in is implemented in Native End , So we should implement it according to the characteristics of the platform , for example “perform_event://client?text=7 Daily annualized yield ” This Directive , stay iOS End can be derived from UIViewController Of View Start , Look down for UILabel, See if there are items that contain specific text , Then click on the item . And in the Android End , have access to solo This test framework is used to directly click on specific text parts on the screen .

Use code to simulate user behavior , For example, open “ Buy ” page , You can click “ Buy ” Button （perform_event://client?text=7 Daily annualized yield ）, You can also directly launch the purchase page （open:// Purchase page ）. In order to simulate user behavior more truly , It is suggested to simulate the real behavior of users as much as possible during the test , Don't skip user actions and achieve results directly , For example, in the previous example, it is suggested to start from all View Found in with “ Buy ” Text buttons , Realize button click operation .

5.2、 Run the test business according to the instructions ： Test data preparation

In the test, from Native The client requested REST API Simulated test data must be used , To ensure the consistency of page data at any time .

On the one hand, analog data can be used in Native End pass Mock One HTTP Server To cut off all HTTP request , But it also needs iOS and Android Both platforms are written , Two parts of data need to be maintained in the future . A better way is to build a simulation directly on the test server REST API service , For each test case , Return fixed analog data , If the data is simple , Using static JSON File can .

6、 Data collection and comparison

The image after the screenshot is directly in Native End pass HTTP Upload the protocol to the server . On the server side , By phone model 、 operating system 、 Operating system version 、 Business name 、 Number, classify and save , In this way, you can quickly find all screenshots of a business on a device . Save all recorded data in the test server , Every time the test screenshot is collected from the test equipment , Compare pixels with the recorded data on the server , Then return the test results to the mobile terminal Unit Test Case.

3、 ... and 、 summary

Through the above methods , Complete the integration test of one module at a time , Engineers will write complete test code , And record screenshots of the test object on all devices . Any future modifications , The complete regression test of the whole system will be carried out on all test equipment , Pixel level comparison can ensure that all pages of the system 、 Every pixel 、 There is no change on every device , It greatly saves the time of regression testing .

Through server-side unified deployment , There is no need for iOS and Android Writing test code at both ends . And used for testing JavaScript in , You only need to write interactive instructions for user operation , It greatly reduces the technical requirements and time cost of writing test code .

When the system becomes increasingly complex 、 More and more developers 、 When the number of models that need to be adapted continues to increase , This cross platform automation UI test , It can effectively ensure the quality of the mobile terminal , After all, a mobile terminal is fatal bug, You may need to upgrade the version 、 App store Review 、 The long process of end-user update can be solved , And this process will lead to the loss of users .

Of course , Automated testing can only be used as an aid to manual testing , Finish work that is not suitable for human , Proactively finding problems in the first round of testing is not the strength of automated testing , Even if you can find , Also have to pay more costs . Rapid and massive regression testing is what automated systems are good at .

There is no silver bullet in the test , Improve people's subjective initiative 、 Avoid formal constraints 、 Use automation technology to replace mechanical labor , The road to continuously improve the quality of system delivery will never end .

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