Software testing interface testing postman testing tool interface testing process execution interface testing interface associated environment variables and global variables built-in dynamic parameter

1 Introduction and classification of interface testing

Interface test is a kind of test between system components .
classification ：
Test the external interface ： Test the interface between the tested system and the external system . Generally, you only need to test the forward use case .
Test the internal interface ：
（1） The internal interface is only provided for the system . Generally, you only need to test the forward use case .
（2） Internal interfaces are provided for external systems . The test must be very comprehensive .

2 The flow of interface testing and the design of use cases

1 Get the interface API file （ Get it through the bag grabbing tool ）, Familiar with interface business , Address of the interface , Authentication method , Enter the reference , The ginseng , Error code .
2 Write interface use cases and review .
Ideas . Forward use cases , Enter the normal parameters , The interface can successfully return data .
Reverse use cases have authentication reverse use cases 、 Parameter reverse use case 、 Error code coverage and other error scenarios .
The authentication code in the reverse authentication case repository is empty , The authentication code is wrong and expired .
Parameter reverse use cases include empty parameters , Parameter type exception , Abnormal length .
Error code coverage depends on the business .
Other error scenarios include interface blacklists , Interface call limit and paging scenario .
3 Use the interface test case tool Postman Perform interface tests .
4 Postman+Newman+Jenkins Implementing continuous integration , And output parameter report and send email .

3 mall_cms_v2 Interface

The interfaces tested are as follows ：

https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/12387168/TzzDKb12#7f0beb33-e365-420b-bbcf-67df9c87749e

name,password,token.

4 Postman Interface is introduced

Home Home page
workpaces working space
collections aggregate , Project collection .
APIs api file .
Environments environment variable , Global variables .
Mock Servers Virtual server .
Monitors Monitor .
Hoistory Historical record .

5 Postman Perform interface tests

5.1 Request page module

Parsam：get Ask for a reference
authorization： authentication
headers： Request header
Body：post Ask for a reference , The parameter transfer method is shown in the following table ：

The way	describe
form-data	Key value pairs and file transfer parameters are available
x-www-from-urlencoded	Parameters can only be passed in key value pairs
raw	json,text,xml,html,javascript
binary	Pass the file to the parameter in binary mode

The specific location is shown in the figure below ：

pre-request-script： Scripts between requests
tests： Assertion after request
cookies： Used to manage Cookie Information

Postman The request page module is shown in the following figure ：

5.2 Response page module

Body： The data returned by the interface , The form of parameter transfer is shown in the following table ：

The way	describe
Pretty	With json,html,xml View the returned data in different formats
Raw	View the returned data as text
PreView	View the returned data as a web page

Cookies： Responsive Cookies Information .
Headers： Response head .
Test Results： The result of the assertion .

200 Is the status code
OK Status information
12.64s Response time
347.84kb Is the number of bytes in response

The response page module is shown in the figure below ：

get Request and post Differences in requests ：
1 get The request is to get data ,post The request is to submit data .
2 The essential difference is that the way of passing parameters is different .
get The request follows the address bar with ? In the way of transmission , Use... Between multiple parameters & Separate .post The request is in body Pass parameters as a form .

post Request example , The request module is shown in the figure below ：

The response module is shown in the figure below ：

6 Postman Environment variables and global variables

6.1 environment variable

First of all , Add multiple environment variables , Here's the picture ：

second , Set variables and variable values in environment variables , Variable is url, Variable value is api.weixin.qq.com, Here's the picture ：

Third , stay Collections Switch environment variables , Here's the picture ：

6.2 The difference between environment variables and global variables

environment variable ： Environment variables are global variables
Global variables ： Global variables are variables that can be accessed in any interface
Get the values of environment variables and global variables ：{ { Variable name }}

7 Interface Association

7.1 Use json The extractor implements Interface Association

With 152.136.185.210:4000/login As an example

Assertion after request
First step , View the results after the response , The following code ：

console.log(responseBody);

The second step , To obtain the access_token The format of the value of is converted to the data of the object , The results are stored in result variable , The following code ：

var result = JSON.parse(responseBody)

The third step , take access_token Set to global variable , The following code ：

pm.globals.set("token", "result.token");

Sum up , stay Request module Medium Tests Sub module Enter the following code in ：

// View the results after the response 
console.log(responseBody);
// Convert the returned string format data into object data 
var result = JSON.parse(responseBody)
// hold token Set the value in to the global variable 
pm.globals.set("token", "result.token");

The operation results are as follows ：

Check whether the global variable has been added token, Here's the picture ：

Of the above two pictures token Agreement , It is proved that token Global variables ！
That is, other interfaces are used directly token, Use format { {token}}, Implements the interface Association .

7.2 Implement interface association using regular expression extractor

// Implement interface association using regular expression extractor ,math matching .
var result = responseBody.match(new RegExp('"access_token":"(.*?)"'));
// Obtain authentication code 
console.log(result[1])
// Set the authentication code as a global variable 
pm.globals.set("access_token", result[1]);

Analyze the above code ：
responseBady Return results ,math Method compares the result with token matching , So as to obtain token, then token Set to global variable .
stay Console The running result of the box is shown in the following figure ：

You can also view in the global variables page token value , Here's the picture ：

8 Postman Built in dynamic parameters and automatic dynamic parameters

8.1 Built in dynamic parameters

postman The built-in dynamic parameters are written in the request module Body In the submodule row light , With json Form into , The built-in dynamic parameters are as follows ：

{
    {
    $timestamp}}	 Generate timestamp of current time 
{
    {
    $randomInt}}	 Generate 0-1000 Random number between 
{
    {
    $guid}}		 Generate random GUID character string 

8.2 Custom dynamic parameters

Custom dynamic parameters are usually written on the request page Pre-request Script in , The following code ：

// Get the timestamp manually 
var times = Date.now()
// Set to global variable 
pm.globals.set("times", times);

Use times The format of global variables is as follows ：

{
    {
    times}}

notes ：
（1） Implementation of business closed loop . Compliance creation 、 modify 、 The order of query and modification .
（2） Upload files , As shown in the figure below ：

9 Postman Assertion

9.1 frequently-used 6 Kind of assertion

Assertion	describe
Status code: Code is 200	Determine whether the status code is 200
Response boby: Contains string	Determine whether the response content contains string character string
Response boby: JSON value check	Determine the response content json Whether it is the corresponding value
Response boby: Is equal to string	Determine whether the response content is equal to string character string
Response headers: Content-Type header check	Determine whether the response header contains Content-Type header
Response time is less than 200ms	Determine if the response time is less than 200ms

9.2 Assertion mode of dynamic parameters

In general , We all set dynamic parameters to global variables , That is, you need to call the global variable in the assertion , The method is as follows ：
firstly , Use Postman The built-in method for obtaining global variables in , as follows ：

pm.globals.get("variable_key");

second , Use the method of list value , as follows ：

globals["variable_key"]

third , Using object references , as follows ：

globals.variable_key

9.3 Global assertion

Select... In the project Edit, Here's the picture ：

stay Tests Set the global assertion under the module , That is, each interface will make the global assertion . In a general way , We set the status code assertion to global assertion , Here's the picture ：

10 Postman Batch run test cases

Added to the runner in

If there is an uploaded file in the test case , It needs to be adjusted in the settings , First, find the setting interface , Here's the picture ：

choice settings.
then , allow Postman Read external files , Here's the picture ：

Last , Put the files to be uploaded in D:\Users\DELL\Postaman\files Directory .