2021, how to select a programming language?

What programming language is suitable for me to learn ？

Hello everyone , I'm fish skin , Today, let's talk about the choice of programming language , Through to 10+ Characteristics of mainstream programming languages 、 Pros and 、 Application scenarios 、 Simple analysis of development prospects , I hope to help my confused friends choose the most suitable language to learn .

Programming language selection

Outline of this article ：

Programming language selection - Fish skin

Preface

Let's take a look at Zhang's latest TIOBE Programming language leaderboards ,C First of all 、Python second 、Java Third ：

2021-08 TIOBE Programming language ranking

Then there may be some “ Pursuit of perfection ” My classmate said , I want to learn programming , Learn the best C Language ！

Do not ！ The statistical method of the leaderboard 、 The crowd is diverse , It doesn't mean everything , Don't follow the trend blindly .

We must do things with a purpose , First think about what you are learning programming for ？

Just out of curiosity 、 Interested in ？ In order to make money ？ Want to learn more skills 、 Improve work efficiency ？ Want to broaden your horizons ？ Want to start a business and make your own products ？ Or did you just happen to choose a computer major ？

There are many professional changes 、 Working students in other industries want to learn programming , But remember ： You can never learn without a goal ！

Here are the mainstream programming languages , You can choose according to your goals .

Language introduction

I had a vote before , Most friends learn programming to find a job , Let's talk about the most suitable job search now 、 The two directions in which enterprises demand the most ：Java And the front end .

Java

Java Itself is a relatively high-level language , Mature and stable , The written program can run on different operating systems .

But what really drives Java Pushed to the altar 、 The king of inner volume 、 Training institutions make money , Or his rich application scenarios and Ecology . Back end 、 Desktop applications 、 Android APP、 Big data and so on , Anything you can think of ,Java There are ready-made development tools and convenient class library framework , Is to let you write less code 、 Complete development faster .

And as long as you learn Java Problems that humans may encounter , You can find the answer on the Internet .

These just meet the needs of enterprises ： The boss gives money , I just hope you can finish your work quickly , And it's best not to have an accident .

Coupled with the development of China's mobile Internet in previous years , Android APP When I opened the road ,Java As the main development language of Android , Pushed by a wave .

front end

front end , Simply put, it is to write the website interface （ Most of the time ）, It actually contains three languages ：HTML、CSS And the most important JavaScript.

Web Front end entry is relatively simple , The advantage is that writing code can see the effect immediately , Suitable for cultivating interest .

Then why is it suitable for job hunting , After all, most companies make products for users , So the interface is necessary , Therefore, the demand is large .

Besides , Now the front-end is more and more widely used , Like a big front end , You can use the same set of code to develop web pages 、 Desktop applications 、 Android 、IOS APP、 Small program etc. , Greatly saving the development cost .

Big front end

When it comes to applets , The number of these things has exceeded APP！ It has many advantages , Installation free 、 convenient 、 Easy to share 、 Based on the large number of wechat users , In addition, the development cost is very low , Therefore, it is a product form very suitable for entrepreneurship .

It's also because of the applet 、 The development of the big front end , Give Way Android and IOS Mobile 、 Even the development prospect of the client is getting worse . For now ,IOS、Android Development oversupply , Look back , Completely invisible APP Where is his increment ？ After all, except for some mainstream APP Outside , Active installation APP There are fewer and fewer people . There is no market , How new people enter the industry , How to survive ？

So students who want to develop the interface , Web pages are also 、 Applets and APP Let it be , It is recommended to start from the front end , Image layout 、 Componentization 、 modularization , Many methods and ideas are similar .

C Language

Besides, the first language that most computer majors come into contact with —— C Language .

There's a good saying , Anything more than C Language can be used in high-level languages C Language instead of , Anything more than C Language low-level languages are not enough to completely abstract a computer system , This is enough to prove its status .

Why is it so awesome ？

Not to mention his flexible grammar , The most important thing is that he is enough , Bottom to all operating systems （Windows、Linux） All implemented with it . So study C In the process of, we can come into contact with more underlying concepts （ For example, allocate and maintain memory by yourself ）, It will help us write higher performance programs in the future . It's also because of this ,C The language is well suited to the operating system 、 Underlying software 、 Various embedded systems and software and hardware development .

C++

C++ stay C Some abilities and ideas are added on the basis of language , For example, classic object-oriented programming , Let developers have a better development experience , It can improve code reuse and development efficiency .

It is itself C The superset of language , Therefore, the performance is also very high .

Combining these two points ,C++ The application scenarios are also very wide , Often used in background development 、 Desktop applications 、 Language 、 Framework development （Java All are C++ Developed ）、 The image processing 、 Audio and video processing and other computing tasks 、3D Engine, etc .

C# .NET

When it comes to engines , You have to say C# and .NET, Don't read it as “C well ” and “ spot NET” ah ！

.NET Is a framework and environment , and C# Is one of the programming languages running on it , Besides, there are VB .NET etc. .

Although in recent years C# It's generally popular in China , But still Unity（ game 、VR、AR Development platform ） The main programming language used , So there is still a place to play .

Let's talk about some controversial languages .

Python

First of all Python, Easy entry 、 Good ecology 、 Many ready-made code libraries can be used directly , Therefore, it is suitable to write small scripts and tools in work , Like file table processing , Can improve office efficiency .

It can also do anything , Or reptiles 、 Data analysis 、 data mining 、 The first-class language of artificial intelligence . All over the world Python advertisement 、 Pupils are beginning to learn Python 了 , All these reflect Python The importance and ease of learning , Really, everyone can learn Python.

But what? , It is not the recommended language for enterprise development , Looking for a development job , Don't focus on Python 了 , Just use it as a tool or a language to cultivate interest . Because under the same development efficiency ,Python As a dynamic language for interpretation and execution , The operating efficiency is too low , It's even better than C++ slow 100 times ！

PHP

Once in full swing PHP, He has a good name “ The world's best programming language ”.

But now PHP But gradually decline , No longer favored by big companies .

Why? ？

before PC The age of websites , take PHP Make a website , Weak types are flexible , The thief is quick and convenient to develop , use Java Write 5 Day program , use PHP 1 It's just a matter of days .

But now , The product form of the Internet is gradually inclined to the mobile terminal , Instead of traditional websites ,PHP Although you can also do server-side development , But its performance is too low ！ And along with Java And the development of other background languages , Their development efficiency has also come up , Can take the same time to complete the development , Who would choose a lower performance PHP Well ？

Go

In recent years Go Language is developing rapidly in China .

His grammar is simple , And naturally supports high concurrency 、 High performance , Therefore, it is very suitable for developing mainstream cloud native applications . Like the famous Docker Containers 、 also B Standing is to take Go Written language .

Plus the domestic Go The ecology of language is getting better and better , There are too many class libraries and wheels 、 There are many best practices , The development cost is greatly reduced . At the same time, developing personalized applications can be higher , It doesn't smell ？

Big Internet companies like byte beating and Tencent have long embraced Go Language , Imagine the next two or three years , Go Our future will be bright .

SQL

SQL Is a database query language , You can query data from the database 、 Operational data . Want to engage in background development 、 Students working on database management must learn it well .

Except for programmers , Now many product managers have to learn SQL 了 , Don't look at the programmer volume , The product manager is even more immortal .

Besides , There are also some languages commonly used by programmers . image Linux Shell Scripting languages , and Python similar , Just learn as a tool . also Kotlin、Scala、Rust And other newer programming languages , They all have their own application scenarios , You can learn about 、 Learn on demand .

summary

Sum up , Purpose 、 Time 、 prospects 、 Learning cost is an important factor in our choice of programming language .

If you want to get a job quickly , You can learn front-end or back-end directly . Prefer what you write to what you get 、 See the effect as soon as possible , Just choose the front end ; I want to train my thinking and logic ability , Back end is preferred Java or Go Language .

Still at school , Enough time , Want to lay a good foundation , Just honestly from C The language began to learn .

If you're just interested in programming , Or want to make some gadgets , Go to school Python Or the front end ~

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Last , I hope you will remember , The first programming language is not the same language you are looking for a job . If time permits, try boldly , If you want to learn , Cultivate interest first , Wait until later to learn a language , It will be easy to learn one and learn the others .

There is no best programming language , No silver bullet can kill , Different individuals 、 project 、 Teams should have their own choices , solve the problem 、 The value of programming language is really realized when the application is implemented , What suits you is the best .

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