How to update PIP3? And running PIP as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behavior

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In use today python When , download pyMysql A warning appears ,

WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.4; however, version 22.2 is available.

You should consider upgrading via the '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

It roughly means my pip The version is a little old , Let me upgrade .

OK, use the following method to upgrade

sudo -H pip3 install --upgrade pip

But the prompt appeared ？？？

WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

The general meaning is that the authority is too high to sudo Installation . Global installation on behalf of , Available globally after installation . If it is a trusted installation package, you can use this command to install . In short, you have obtained administrator permission , Install the third-party package on /usr/local/lib/python3.x/site-packages/ Under the path , It can be used by any user .

So when installing  pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip3 install --user packagename

And for many online tutorials pip3 The instructions for installing the third package are ：pip3 install Package name . But an error will be reported when implementing this , The error information is generally insufficient authority

In fact, sometimes we use servers , Many times there is no root jurisdiction , It doesn't work sudo, Therefore, it is necessary to add --user Parameters , The things installed are /home Under the table of contents , Not in /user Under the table of contents .
 

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