Linux(CentOS7)安裝MySQL-5.7版本

1. 從官網下載mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz官網：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

# wget -chttp://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 創建mysql的用戶組/用戶, data目錄及其用戶目錄

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# mkdir -p /data/mysqldb

3. 解壓安裝包並將解壓包裏的內容拷貝到mysql的安裝目錄/home/mysql

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
# mv * /usr/local/mysql
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql 創建mysql安裝目錄，可以把解壓的mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64文件夾下的文件移到目錄下

4. 初始化mysql數據庫cd /usr/local/mysql

\# ./bin/mysql\_install\_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb  
2015-11-1002:09:17 \[WARNING\] mysql\_install\_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize  
2015-11-1002:09:23 \[WARNING\] The bootstrap logisn't empty:  
2015-11-1002:09:23 \[WARNING\] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0 \[Warning\] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead  
2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0 \[Warning\] Changed limits: max\_open\_files: 1024 (requested 5000)  
2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0 \[Warning\] Changed limits: table\_open\_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

p.s. : mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出，mysql_install_db 已經不再推薦使用了，建議改成mysqld --initialize 完成實例初始化。

\# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb --initialize

改用 mysqld --initialize 後，如果 datadir 指向的目標目錄下已經有數據文件, 會出現如下提示：

\# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb --initialize

2016-04-08T01:46:53.153530Z 0 \[Warning\] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit\_defaults\_for\_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2016-04-08T01:46:53.155856Z 0 \[ERROR\] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.

2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0 \[ERROR\] Aborting

由上可知， 我們需要清空mysql的data目錄， 執行清空命令如下：

\# cd /data/mysqldb# rm -fr \*

然後重新執行初始化命令如下：

[[email protected] /] cd /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql ] ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb --initialize
[[email protected] ]2016-04-08T01:47:57.556677Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New logfiles created, LSN=45790
2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is thefirsttime that this server has been started. Generating anew UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c.2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: **mjT,#x_5sW

牢記上面的隨機密碼， 如上**mjT,#x_5sW, 下面我們修改密碼時需要用到。

5. 檢測下是否能啟動mysql服務

# cd /usr/local/mysql# ./support-files/mysql.server start

Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid). #沒有經過cmake編輯過的，初始化數據庫會失敗；

解决辦法：vim support-files/mysql.server 指定datadir=/data/mysqldb basedir=/usr/local/mysql

Starting MySQL… SUCCESS!

若改用了/usr/local/mysql為mysql的安裝目錄basedir， 則在啟動服務時會出現如下錯誤：
[[email protected] mysql] #./support-files/mysql.server start
[[email protected] ]./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such fileor directory
[[email protected] ] Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn’t find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

由上面可知mysql的tar.gz安裝包的默認安裝目錄為/usr/local/mysql， 這時候我們需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目錄路徑為我們環境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路徑， 如下：

• [[email protected] ]
• # vim support-files/mysql.server
• --------------------------
• …
• basedir=/usr/local/mysql
• datadir=/data/mysqldb
• …
• --------------------------
• # ./support-files/mysql.server start
• Starting MySQL… SUCCESS!

6. 創建軟鏈接

\# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

7. 創建配置文件

將默認生成的my.cnf備份

\# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

進入mysql的安裝目錄支持文件目錄

\# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

拷貝配置文件模板為新的mysql配置文件,

\# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

可按需修改新的配置文件選項， 不修改配置選項， mysql則按默認配置參數運行.

如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 設置編碼為utf8以防亂碼

\# vim /etc/my.cnf\[mysqld\]basedir = /usr/local/mysqldatadir = /data/mysqldbcharacter\_set\_server=utf8init\_connect='SET NAMES utf8'\[client\]default-character-set=utf8

8. 配置mysql服務開機自動啟動

拷貝啟動文件到/etc/init.d/下並重命令為mysqld

\# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

增加執行權限

\# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

檢查自啟動項列錶中沒有mysqld這個，如果沒有就添加mysqld：

\# chkconfig --list mysqld# chkconfig --add mysqld

設置MySQL在345等級自動啟動

\# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

或用這個命令設置開機啟動：

\# chkconfig mysqld on

9. mysql服務的啟動/重啟/停止

啟動mysql服務

\# service mysqld start

重啟mysql服務

\# service mysqld restart

停止mysql服務

\# service mysqld stop

可以先將文件最底部這句删除或注釋掉：sql\_mode=NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT\_TRANS\_TABLES

10. 初始化mysql用戶root的密碼

先將mysql服務停止

\# service mysqld stop

進入mysql安裝目錄， 執行：

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking&
[1] 6225
[[email protected] mysql]# 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/data/mysqldb/localhost.localdomain.err’.151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysqldb

另外打開一個終端(p.s. 如果是ssh連接登錄的, 另外創建一個ssh連接即可）， 執行操作如下：

# mysql -u root mysql#運行此句時，需要先執行上一句：./bin/mysqld_safe

Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A********************************************************************Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(‘root’) WHERE user=‘root’;ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column ‘password’ in ‘field list’
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD(‘root’) where user = ‘root’;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1

#MySQL5.7新特性，Users錶中沒有password字段了，authentication_string 就是password

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s--------------mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.9, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 2Current database: mysqlCurrent user: [email protected]: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socketServer characterset: utf8Db characterset: utf8Client characterset: utf8Conn. characterset: utf8UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sockUptime: 4 min 47 secThreads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 127 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 122 Queries per second avg: 0.149--------------
mysql> exit;Bye

到此， 設置完mysql用戶root的密碼且確保mysql編碼集是utf8, 注意上面，新版本的mysql.user錶裏的密碼字段是authentication\_string

快捷鍵ctrl + c停止# ./bin/mysqld\_safe ...命令， 重新啟動mysql服務， 用新密碼連接mysql：

# service mysqld startStarting MySQL SUCCESS!
[[email protected] bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.7.9************************************************************************Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql > exit;Bye

咦？又要我改密碼， 我們通過mysqladmin來修改密碼， 先輸入原密碼是上面步驟修改的新密碼root， 再設置新密碼！！！

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password
#這個password是參數，不是要設置成root密碼的值Enter password: New password:
Confirm new password:
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.# mysql -uroot -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.******************************************************************************Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.mysql> use mysql;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql>

或直接：

# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p’g!#l4:6+rMnT’ password ‘root’

mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

其中，g!#l4:6+rMnT就是我們在使用mysqld --initialize時牢記下的隨機密碼

11. mysql遠程授權

格式如下：

mysql> grant all \[privileges\] on db\_name.table\_name to 'username'@'host' identified by 'yourpassword';

示例如下：

mysql> `grant` all privileges on \*.\* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

或用

mysql> grant all on \*.\* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';

到此， 完成了mysql的安裝 及配置！！！

注：最後windows遠程訪問linux-mysql連接失敗，沒有開放端口3306：解决：iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

已驗證安裝MySQL5.7不需要cmake.