Basic structure and operation principle of solar street lamp

The application of solar street lamps has important practical significance , Especially in areas that rely on small-scale thermal power or seasonal hydropower , We should vigorously develop solar power . Solar street lamp with its advanced 、 Stable 、 intelligence 、 Mature control technology and remarkable energy-saving characteristics 、 Simple maintenance methods and other features have been promoted . With the popularity of solar lighting products , Many application projects have quality and after-sales service problems . therefore , The reason should be analyzed in time 、 Regulate the market , Make the solar street lamp market develop healthily and orderly . Solar energy is the most direct on earth 、 Generally 、 Clean energy , As a renewable energy , The radiant energy reaching the earth's surface every day is about 2.5 Billions of barrels of oil .

　　 This article mainly explains the design of solar street lamp , Firstly, the basic structure of solar street lamp is introduced 、 Operation principle and data required for solar street lamp design , Secondly, it expounds the design ideas and key points of solar street lamps , Finally, a design scheme of intelligent solar street lamp based on MCU is introduced in detail .

　　 One 、 The basic structure and working principle of solar street lamp

　　1、 Basic structure of solar street lamp

　　 Solar street lamps are mainly composed of solar cell modules 、 Components 、 Bracket 、 The light source 、 Controller 、 Battery 、 Light pole and other parts .

　　2、 Working principle of solar street lamp

　　 Solar street lamps use the principle of photovoltaic effect of solar cells , Daytime solar cells absorb solar photon energy to generate electric energy , Stored in the battery through the controller , When night falls or the illumination around the lamps is low , The battery supplies power to the light source through the controller until the set time and then blocks .

　　 Two 、 Data required for solar street lamp design

　　1、 Find out the longitude and latitude of the place where the solar street lamp is used through the known place . after （ Solar radiation database on different inclined planes in China ） To determine the skew angle and azimuth of the solar cell module and calculate the solar energy specification peak sunshine time in this area .

　　2、 Power of light source selected for street lamp （W）. The size of the light source power directly affects the parameter stability of the whole system .

　　3、 Solar street lamps work every night （H）. This is the central parameter that determines the size of components in the solar street lamp system , After determining the operation time , It can start to calculate the daily power consumption of the load and the corresponding charging current of the solar cell module .

　　4、 The continuous rainy days required by solar street lamps （d）. This parameter determines the size of the battery capacity and the solar cell module power required to repair the battery capacity in rainy days .

　　5、 Determine the distance between two consecutive rainy days D. This is the battery module power required by the decision system to fill the battery after a continuous rainy day .

　　 3、 ... and 、 Design ideas and key points of solar street lamps

　　 The basic principle of solar photovoltaic power generation system is the same , Therefore, the design idea of solar street lamp can also be based on the general solar power generation system , First determine the power of the light source , Working hours per day , After several rainy days, calculate the capacity of the battery and the power of the solar cell module . But solar street lamp has its particularity , It is necessary to ensure the stability and reliability of the system , Therefore, special attention should be paid in the design .

　　1、 Solar cell module

　　 The voltage of the solar cell module will decrease as the temperature increases , Due to the influence of high temperature , The voltage loss of the battery module is about 2V, And the diode voltage drop on the charging process controller 0.7V, Therefore, the working voltage is selected as 18V The components of . Due to the particularity of solar street lamps , Solar panels are usually installed on street lamp poles , For streetlight poles , It's usually 5 Meters above , High center of gravity , And most solar panels are suspended , To enhance the wind resistance of the whole equipment , Generally, multiple solar panels are selected to form the required component power .

　　2、 Battery （ Group ）

　　 When selecting the battery , The influence of discharge rate on battery capacity should be considered , Influence of temperature on battery capacity , The influence of discharge depth on battery capacity and so on . Therefore, we must choose the special solar battery with deep circulation . When the battery is connected in parallel , It is necessary to consider the influence of imbalance between individual cells , Generally, the number of parallel groups should not exceed 4 Group .

　　3、 controller

　　 The controller is the key component that acts as the manager in the whole street lamp system , Its biggest function is to comprehensively manage the battery , A good controller should be based on the characteristics of the battery , Set each key parameter point , For example, the overcharge point of the battery 、 Overextension point , Restore the connection point and SOC Discharge control, etc . When selecting the street lamp controller , Pay special attention to the controller recovery connection point parameters , Because the battery has the characteristic of automatic voltage recovery , When the battery is in an over discharge state , Controller cuts off load , Then the battery voltage recovers , If the parameter points of the controller are not set properly , Then the lamp may flicker , Shorten the service life of battery and light source .

　　4、 Selection of light source

　　 The selection of light source is the most critical step for solar street lamps , At present, there are few special light sources for solar street lamps , To reduce the loss of limited energy , Try to choose DC light source . At present, the common light source is DC energy-saving lamp 、 High-frequency electrodeless lamp 、 Low pressure sodium lamp and LED The light source .

      LED As a semiconductor light source , Its development momentum is strong , It is the most ideal light source for solar street lamps ,LED Street light source is a multi-function 、 Environmental protection and energy-saving street light source , Suitable for lighting in various occasions .LED The street lamp driver is specially designed for LED Products developed by street lamp system , For providing LED Stable power supply of lamps . Using advanced electronic power technology , High efficiency enhancement and super energy-saving pulse width modulation are designed （PWM） Two output modes , Cooperate with time control , When needed （ In the middle of the night, when there are many blacks and cars ） Light up in high efficiency enhanced mode LED Lamps and lanterns , Provide good lighting , Other time periods （ In the latter half of the night, when there are few people and cars ） Output in super energy-saving mode , Save the power consumption of battery . in addition , Most domestic solar street lamp projects need to meet the lighting standards of urban roads .

　　

 

Solar waterproof induction lamp courtyard lamp outdoor lamp panel is a lamp that uses solar panels to convert solar energy into electric energy , According to the needs of users Secondary development .

 

Solar waterproof induction lamp courtyard lamp outdoor lamp panel is a lamp that uses solar panels to convert solar energy into electric energy , Due to different light intensity and light duration , Charging capacity varies ( Especially in winter ) Normal phenomenon ,

advantage

At night , The light is not on at ordinary times , After sensing people , The light is bright ;

At night , Usually the light is weak , After sensing people , The light is bright ;

At night , After the induction function is turned off , The light is always bright .