Comprehensively analyze the differences between steam and maker Education

STEAM education , At least so far, it is a special educational concept . In China, it is described as an interdisciplinary, diversified and integrated project-based learning method . It is also a practice oriented interdisciplinary education concept . But in Chinese academic circles STEAM Education and maker education are often confused , This also brings the ambiguity of the two in practice .

say something STEAM Education and maker education ！ According to reports ,STEAM Education began with the educational initiative put forward by the U.S. government , To strengthen K-12 Science in education 、 technology 、 Engineering and Mathematics Education , Proposed by the US government STEM education .2014 year , The Obama administration is training 21 Century high-level talents , Exercise students' comprehensive quality , In the original STEM On the basis of Education , Added “A”, That is, art education . It's no exaggeration to say ,STEAM Education is no less important to the United States than it is to China “ Competence Education ” And “ New curriculum reform ”. What I feel most is , Competence Education stem In the United States STEAM Education is integrated with China's emphasis on multidisciplinary STEAM Different educational ideas , They pay more attention to project-based learning 、 Cooperation and output . In project cooperative learning , integrate into 3D The printer 、 The creation of robots and other products .“ Universal programming ” a STEAM An important part of Education . Driven by the government , Help students learn math 、 Scientific educational technology products emerge in endlessly ; then ,STEAM Learning includes subject education , It is also considered to break the single disciplinary boundaries .

However, what we need to make clear is , The United States STEAM The original intention of education is to cultivate excellent engineers , Therefore, they prefer an inquiry teaching method . thus , Learning is based on real situations, and problems have become an inevitable choice , Inquiry learning has also become STEAM The essence of Education . In addition, the mature evaluation system is also STEAM The key to the success of Education ： for example ,stem The goal of institutions that teach robot training courses in primary and secondary education is hands-on ability 、 Logical thinking ability 、 Innovation ability, etc . Very generalized , And then how to cultivate , There are no specific and clear countermeasures .

STEAM An important motivation for the popularity of education is the natural interest of children in science . But they themselves did not enter deeper thinking , There is no standardized and feasible knowledge system 、 Learning system and evaluation system . Some scholars think ,stem The correct teaching goal of school education should be one third of knowledge , One third of the technical capacity , One third of the comprehensive ability . Technical ability and comprehensive ability need a clear teaching process to support .

STEAM Since the birth of Education , It obviously has the path of learning and exploration of interdisciplinary integration . In addition to China and the United States STEAM There are differences in educational development , South Korea 、 Singapore 、 Japan and other Asian countries are also on the path of smart education and STEAM In the forefront of educational development . It is generally believed , Maker Education stem Science and mathematics are both abstract 、 A profound speculative discipline , technology 、 Engineering and art are applied characteristic disciplines that tend to be applied in real life .STEAM Education aims to integrate the advantages of various disciplines , Innovative learning and training methods , Explore children's natural pleasure in science , Cultivate all-round development 、 High level talents with creative thinking .

Turn ideas into objects . Makers are those who turn personal ideas into artifacts , Advocate putting ideas into practice , Instead of just staying at the level of imagination . second , Learning by doing . Makers usually learn while doing , Solve any problem you encounter , Knowledge learning and problem solving are carried out simultaneously , Not separate from each other . Third , Keep sharing . Makers are a group of people who love sharing . We introduce the new constructivist concept of shared learning into classroom teaching , Take the students “ Give voice ”、“ Write ” and “ To make a ” Step by step , Encourage the whole class to create and share . Fourth , Collaborative learning . Makers generally don't fight alone , And like to learn from each other together , Mutual cooperation . The fifth , Interdisciplinary . Maker learning is not limited to a traditional subject classification , and stem Science education will carry out interdisciplinary learning according to the needs of problems . We will also require students to complete works that include interdisciplinary knowledge , Nor should it be limited to a certain discipline . The sixth , Using information technology . Maker activities are generally closely related to information technology and its products , For example, open source software and hardware 、3D Print technology for creation .

STEAM The relationship between education and maker education . however ,STEAM Education is more interdisciplinary “ Knowledge fusion ”, The focus of maker education is to carry out ideas “ Practice and create ”. The two essentially have a high degree of similarity in common —— Maker activities need STEAM Education provides the theoretical basis of knowledge , for example 3D One Design buildings ,stem The characteristics of education need to understand the corresponding engineering 、 Calculate the size mathematically 、 Art improves the beauty of the model . The practice of makers is STEAM The ultimate purpose of Education , That is, knowledge system can only play a role by helping physical creation , Even become a commercializable product , Connecting education and business .

in summary , Innovation is a long time in the past and even in the future , The common goal of global school education , It is also the expectation of the whole society for schools . maker 、 Visual programming 、 integrated courses 、 Course integration 、STEAM Education and so on , These initiatives , Its core meaning and direction is also the cultivation of students' innovative ability , And promote scientific and technological innovation through educational innovation . Worldwide , Many countries around the world advocate changing curriculum , Improve the quality and level of talent training .
“ Mass Entrepreneurship 、 Mass innovation ” After becoming China's national strategy , There is a wave of entrepreneurship and innovation across the country . today , All over the world , Scientific and technological innovation is regarded as the main driving force of economy by all countries in the world , The cultivation of teenagers' innovative ability has become an important trend of school education reform and development . The global call for innovation is STEAM Education has created the soil of the times .