peewee
Peewee is a simple and small ORM. It has few (but expressive) concepts, making it easy to learn and intuitive to use.
- a small, expressive ORM
- python 2.7+ and 3.4+ (developed with 3.6)
- supports sqlite, mysql, postgresql and cockroachdb
- tons of extensions
New to peewee? These may help:
- Quickstart
- Example twitter app
- Using peewee interactively
- Models and fields
- Querying
- Relationships and joins
Examples
Defining models is similar to Django or SQLAlchemy:
from peewee import *
import datetime
db = SqliteDatabase('my_database.db')
class BaseModel(Model):
class Meta:
database = db
class User(BaseModel):
username = CharField(unique=True)
class Tweet(BaseModel):
user = ForeignKeyField(User, backref='tweets')
message = TextField()
created_date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
is_published = BooleanField(default=True)
Connect to the database and create tables:
db.connect()
db.create_tables([User, Tweet])
Create a few rows:
charlie = User.create(username='charlie')
huey = User(username='huey')
huey.save()
# No need to set `is_published` or `created_date` since they
# will just use the default values we specified.
Tweet.create(user=charlie, message='My first tweet')
Queries are expressive and composable:
# A simple query selecting a user.
User.get(User.username == 'charlie')
# Get tweets created by one of several users.
usernames = ['charlie', 'huey', 'mickey']
users = User.select().where(User.username.in_(usernames))
tweets = Tweet.select().where(Tweet.user.in_(users))
# We could accomplish the same using a JOIN:
tweets = (Tweet
.select()
.join(User)
.where(User.username.in_(usernames)))
# How many tweets were published today?
tweets_today = (Tweet
.select()
.where(
(Tweet.created_date >= datetime.date.today()) &
(Tweet.is_published == True))
.count())
# Paginate the user table and show me page 3 (users 41-60).
User.select().order_by(User.username).paginate(3, 20)
# Order users by the number of tweets they've created:
tweet_ct = fn.Count(Tweet.id)
users = (User
.select(User, tweet_ct.alias('ct'))
.join(Tweet, JOIN.LEFT_OUTER)
.group_by(User)
.order_by(tweet_ct.desc()))
# Do an atomic update
Counter.update(count=Counter.count + 1).where(Counter.url == request.url)
Check out the example twitter app.
Learning more
Check the documentation for more examples.
Specific question? Come hang out in the #peewee channel on irc.freenode.net, or post to the mailing list, http://groups.google.com/group/peewee-orm . If you would like to report a bug, create a new issue on GitHub.
Still want more info?
I've written a number of blog posts about building applications and web-services with peewee (and usually Flask). If you'd like to see some real-life applications that use peewee, the following resources may be useful:
- Building a note-taking app with Flask and Peewee as well as Part 2 and Part 3.
- Analytics web service built with Flask and Peewee.
- Personalized news digest (with a boolean query parser!).
- Structuring Flask apps with Peewee.
- Creating a lastpass clone with Flask and Peewee.
- Creating a bookmarking web-service that takes screenshots of your bookmarks.
- Building a pastebin, wiki and a bookmarking service using Flask and Peewee.
- Encrypted databases with Python and SQLCipher.
- Dear Diary: An Encrypted, Command-Line Diary with Peewee.
- Query Tree Structures in SQLite using Peewee and the Transitive Closure Extension.
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