Technology sharing | sending requests using curl

cURL It's a pass URL The transmission of data , Powerful command line tools .cURL It can be done with Chrome Devtool Tools used in conjunction with , Restore the real request sent by the browser , With certification information , Execute without browser , Easy for developers to replay requests 、 Modify parameters, debug , Write a script . It can also be used alone , Adjust the parameters according to your own requirements , Construct a variety of interface test scenarios .

Environmental installation

Study curl Before the command , You need to know Chrome Devtool Tools .

ChromeDevTools

Chrome DevTools（Chrome Developer tools ） Is embedded in Chrome A set of tools in the browser for making and debugging web pages . During the test , It is also often used as a simple bag grabbing tool .

How to operate

• Choose the top right corner Chrome menu , Then choose more tools → Developer tools
• Or right click , Select Check / Review element

stay Network In the panel, you can view the details of the resources requested through the network ：

image1080×348 56.7 KB

cURL Common use

From the browser copy

1、 Right click the data on the left , choice Copy → copy as curl , The request content can be converted into cURL command .

2、 Will command copy stay gitbash or bash And run , You will see the return message .

3、 Refine the above command , Join in -v Parameters can print more details , use 2>&1 Redirect standard error to standard output , Sending this command will get the refined content

The refined command is as follows

curl 'https://home.testing-studio.com/' -H \
'authority: home.testing-studio.com' -H 'pragma: no-cache'\
 -H 'cache-control: no-cache' -H 'upgrade-insecure-requests: 1'\
 -H 'user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_0)\
  AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\
   Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36' \
 -H 'sec-fetch-dest: document' \
 -H 'accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,\
 application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,\
 application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9' \
 -H 'sec-fetch-site: none' -H 'sec-fetch-mode: navigate' \
 -H 'sec-fetch-user: ?1' \
 -H 'accept-language: en,zh-CN;q=0.9,zh;q=0.8' \
 --compressed -v 2>&1

Other common commands

launch get request

curl "https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/get" -H "accept: application/json"

launch post request

curl -X POST "https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/post" -H \
"accept: application/json"

proxy Use

curl -x 'http://127.0.0.1:8080' "https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/get"

curl Common parameters of commands

cURL Practical drill

Through a few small combat drills , Learn the usage of some common parameters

1、 Tamper with request header information , take User-Agent Change it to ”testing-studio

curl -H "User-Agent:testing-studio" "http://www.baidu.com" -v

You can see... In the request User-Agent Success changed to testing-studio

*   Trying 14.215.177.39...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to www.baidu.com (14.215.177.39) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.baidu.com
> Accept: */*
> User-Agent:testing-studio

2. In the enterprise wechat through curl Command to create a label , This is a post request , adopt --data Parameter passing tagname and tagid

# token Generated for individuals , Need to replace 
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST \
--data '{"tagname": "hogwarts","tagid": 13}' \
https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/tag/create?access_token=$token

3. authentication , adopt put Upload to ElasticSearch , Use --user User authentication

# ES_HOST index id content  All variables , To be replaced 
curl -X PUT "$ES_HOST/$index/_doc/$id?pretty" \
    --user username:password \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -d "$content"