Test interview question set UI automated test

One 、 list web Common element positioning methods in Automation ？

id： according to id To get elements , Return single element ,id Values are generally unique ;

name： According to the name Attribute positioning ;

tagName： Locate according to the tag name of the element ;

className： According to the style of the element class Value positioning ;

linkText： Locate according to the text value of the hyperlink ;

partialLinkText： Locate according to some text values of the hyperlink ;

cssSelector：css Selector positioning ;

xpath： Locate by the path of the element ;

Two 、 Briefly describe what you know about delayed waiting ？

Mandatory waiting ： Also called thread waiting , Wait through thread sleep , Wait for 5 second : Thread sleep(5000), Generally, forced waiting is not used , The main application scenario is where different systems interact .

An implicit wait ： adopt implicitly Wait Delayed waiting for completion , Note that this is a wait for global settings , If the timeout is set to 10 second , Used implicitlyWait after , If you don't find the element the first time , Will be in 10 I'm going to loop around for seconds to find the elements , If exceeded 10 Seconds have not been found , Throw an exception , Hard waiting is more intelligent , It can be configured globally , But it can only be used for element positioning .

Explicit waiting ： Also known as intelligent waiting , Specify the wait time for the specified element location , Find elements within the specified time range , Find the element and return directly , If the element is not found in the timeout , Throw an exception , Show waiting is selenium One of the more flexible waiting methods , His implementation principle is actually through while Keep trying what needs to be done .

3、 ... and 、 How to simulate the forward and backward of the browser 、 Refresh ？

As follows ：

driver.navigate().back(); // back off 
driver.navigate().forward();// Forward 
driver.navigate().refresh();// Refresh 

Four 、Selenium Automate how to upload files ？

If it is input Element file upload , Can pass Selenium In the middle of send_keys Way to deliver , But this method has great limitations , If you encounter something like passing js There will be some problems with the calling component ; At this time, you need to complete the upload operation through some ways of interacting with the system , Such as through autoit,pywinauto Or is it pyautogui These third-party libraries operate .

5、 ... and 、UI How to design automated test cases ？

UI Automated test cases are extracted from manual test cases , Compared with manual test cases , Automated test cases pay more attention to the preciseness of use cases , When selecting use cases, follow the following principles ：

Give priority to the use cases that cover the core functions of the product ;

In terms of cost , Don't choose use cases where the process is too complex ;

The selected use case can be repeated execution , Cumbersome part , For example, field validation 、 Verification prompt ;

Give priority to positive test cases , Reverse use cases are generally complex 、 A large number ;

6、 ... and 、 What is? PO Pattern ？

PO Pattern , Its full name is Page Object Model , abbreviation POM, Is the page object mode . The process of abstracting or modeling a page , Is to convert a specific page into an object in the programming language , Page properties are converted into object properties , Convert page operations into object methods . Put the pages one by one web The element is designed as the attribute of the page object , Put the operation on the page （ If you click 、 Input, etc ） Behavior designed as a page object . In automated testing , It is mainly used to separate page operation and test logic , The advantage of this is that the business and implementation are separated , Make automated test scripts more maintainable .

7、 ... and 、 Do you think PO What are the encapsulation principles of patterns ？

The public method represents a service provided by the page , For example, we can encapsulate the login into a login Method , Encapsulate the search method into a facility method , Encapsulate the registration operation into a register Methods ;

Try not to expose the inside of the page , For example, a HTML There is also a top-down structure of the page ;

stay PO Generally, no assertion is made , Can achieve the separation of page logic and test logic ;

PO Generally, the method inside returns self Or something else Page Object , It can also be an element attribute ;

Whole PO You don't need to encapsulate the behavior of the entire page , Encapsulate whatever logic is used ;

For unified operation , If there are different results , Can be expressed in different ways , For example, a successful login has a jump , There is an error when the login fails , If you log in, you will be authorized , Then it can be encapsulated into three separate methods ：login success、login error、login invalid.

8、 ... and 、 How do you improve UI Stability of automated scripts ？

Try to use relative path xpath expression ;

Find elements with priority to display wait ;

Try to avoid dependencies between use cases , Use cases can be executed independently ;

Restore the test scenario after the execution of the use case , Avoid affecting the execution of other use cases ;

After the script fails to execute, add the retry mechanism , Improve the stability of use cases ;

Try to ensure a separate test environment , Avoid synchronizing other tests ;

Nine 、 be based on Web How to do automated testing at the end , Talk about your ideas and direction ？

Web End of the automation test , Basically, it simulates manual testers to do functional testing . Replace human operation with automatic execution of machine .web There are two directions for products presented at the end, which can be tested automatically ： Interface layer and interface operation layer , And the proportion of interface layer automation is higher than that of interface operation layer . It mainly carries out automatic test on the stable function of the product , It is mainly used for the smoke test of the core function of the product 、 regression testing . Start with the core function of the system , Then expand slowly according to the situation .

Ten 、UI Automated testing , How to be a cluster ？

Selenium Grid, Distributed execution use cases ;
Appium Use STF Manage multiple devices ;
Docker+K8S Management cluster ;

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