The first principle of thinking method

This article is mainly related to someone in the circle P7 When big guys communicate , A key word mentioned , Tell me this principle is very effective for him in his work , I suggest you have time to explore and learn , Here are some of the contents sorted out in the study , Of course, there may be many introductions on the Internet , Only for learning, sorting and sharing .

First of all ： Induction

second ： Deductive method

Third ： The first principle

Fourth ： How to apply and exercise the first principle

Generally, people's cognition of things has two logical forms , The first form of logic is called induction , Induction is the induction of perceptual experience , The second is a more advanced form of logic called deduction , Deductive method is the deduction of rational thinking .

Induction ： Collect and accumulate experience — Look for common features — Abstract general laws , The mode is relatively single

Induction is the foundation of human beings 、 The most common way to use wisdom , With the help of Feeling and experience To accumulate knowledge . Induction can be roughly divided into two categories ： Spatial induction and temporal induction .

1、 Spatial induction ： We put it in one place , The nature of a group , To sum up everywhere , Nature of all groups , It is called spatial induction . This kind of situation is easy to generalize . for instance , I have seen it in South China 30 A zoo , Lions in every zoo have brown hair , So it is thought that all lions have brown hair .

2、 Temporal induction ： We sum up the experience accumulated in the past or now into the future , Think the future is the same as the present and the past , This is called temporal induction . for instance , When making sales planning , The future growth rate is usually predicted based on the growth rate of the past few years , The implication is that I used to grow so , Then I will continue to grow like this in the future , This is actually a kind of temporal induction .

The more knowledge you have in a certain field , The more you are locked in the form of knowledge induction . Most people put the accumulation of experience , As a way of learning , And the master's learning , Not the accumulation of experience , But the model behind the experience .

limitations ：

We are in a cognitive channel , Induction is the induction of the content within the channel , But when the channel itself changes , Immediate failure , There is one thing we don't know about induction , But there must be implicit assumptions , It's called Continuity assumption .

Deductive method ： General premise , By derivation, i.e deductive , The process of drawing specific statements or individual conclusions .

Often when doing mathematical proof problems , This is the deductive method we use , Through the existing premise and continuous derivation, we finally prove our conclusion . In a rigorous discipline , Maybe there is nothing wrong with this method , But in life , Where can you find so many and correct theoretical supports .

for instance ：

Everyone will die , Socrates is a man , So Socrates will die

This is a typical syllogism , It belongs to the derivation of deductive method ： as long as Premise correct , The conclusion must be correct . however , By what , Everyone will die ？“ Everyone will die ” This assumption also comes from Experience . The problem with deduction is ： Why do you believe that your truth must be true ？ There is only one way left , The premise must be another higher chain Deductive reasoning The resulting one Conclusion .

The first principle

The chain of deduction cannot be pushed back indefinitely , There must eventually be one Self determined meta starting point . It has to Natural reality , Can be used as The cornerstone of reasoning , So called ： The first principle ,First Principle. Encyclopedia explains ： The first principle is a basic , A self-evident Hypothesis

Be promoted and spread , From musk

Quote musk ：“ We use the first principle , Instead of thinking about problems with comparative thinking , This is very important . We always tend to compare in our life , We also do what others have done or are doing , This can only lead to small iterative development . The way of thinking of the first principle is to look at the world from a physical point of view , That is to say, layers of Remove the appearance of things and see the essence inside , And then go up from the essence . in short , Namely Go back to the essence of things , Rethink what to do .

“ The first principle ” The case of

Musk's case ：

When musk just took over Tesla, which was in the early stage of entrepreneurship , Not favored by the industry , The main reason is the high cost of batteries .

In the face of this situation , Musk raised two questions from the essence of things ：

① What kind of materials does the battery pack consist of ?

② What is the market price of these materials ?

These two questions were quickly answered ： The battery consists of carbon 、 nickel 、 aluminum 、 Steel and other raw materials ; If you buy these raw materials from the LME , The cost is only 82 dollar / KWH , About% of the total battery cost at that time 13.7%. In other words , The direct reason for the high cost of batteries , It's not about raw materials , It's the combination of raw materials . To effectively reduce battery costs , It is necessary to change the existing combination of raw materials .

therefore , Musk's second step is to seek new procedures , Reassemble the battery . So , He worked with Panasonic , Panasonic 18650 Battery management procedure for lithium cobalt oxide battery , Reconstitute the battery of Tesla electric vehicle , The battery cost was reduced to the lowest level in the whole industry at that time ( from 600 dollar / KWh down to 100 dollar / KWH ), This has won Tesla a a huge price advantage in the global electric vehicle market , And directly promote musk to make steady progress “ The richest man in the world ”.

Operational cases ：

“ operating ” Return to “ The first principle ” On , No matter what kind of operation , The ultimate goal is “ Connecting users and products ”, That is to say “ At the right time 、 Through the right channels 、 Push the right products to the right users ”.

Based on this , The key to good operation is “ Insight into user needs ”, This requires that the operation can find the essential reasons behind the user needs , Mining the first cause of demand .

For example, when users open JD App when ,Ta Your first need is usually shopping ; When the user opens didi App when ,Ta Your first need is usually a taxi . So from this point of view , Whether your job is platform operation or product operation , Activity operation or user operation , Don't forget the user's “ First demand ”.

for instance , A bank App Set the daily work for the platform operation post KPI, The daily work of the post will certainly focus on this core indicator , Therefore, many methods may be used to achieve this target , For example, hold an activity similar to sign in or punch in , Or let the account manager remind the user to open through offline channels App etc. , This obviously ignores the user's understanding of the App Of “ First demand ”—— Complete a financial transaction .

The right approach should be to return to the users “ First demand ”, stay App Inside Create financial transaction experience beyond expectation for users , This is more effective than any activity or manual prompt , It can ensure that users have corresponding needs , I will think of you at the first time , This is naturally the most powerful guarantee for daily living indicators .

Another example , When we are doing user operation , There is usually a headache ： How to recall lost users , A common approach is to give these users Offer coupons , And then through SMS or Push To inform , The next step is “ Sit back and wait for ” The feedback from these users .

however , The key point here is to Which users issue vouchers ? What is the denomination of the coupon ? And which notification channels should be selected ? And trying to figure out these problems , It needs to be used. “ The first principle ” To reexamine .

The first thing to know is this The real reason for the loss of users and which users deserve recall , After all, for any product , A certain percentage of users' loss is a normal phenomenon , And those who have completely lost users , May have lost the meaning of recall . secondly , Recalling users is not to let them come back to complete a single active activity , But after determining the reason for the loss of users , Reactivate it for long-term retention . also , Lost users can no longer reach through the existing operation system , So in order to improve the recall effect , We also need to expand more access channels , And allocate more abundant and targeted interests .

Said so much , In fact, we apply the first principle thinking in our daily life and work , You need to do that ,“ The first principle ” It requires us to start from the essence of things , And to have this ability , It not only needs rich knowledge reserves , You also need to force yourself to “ Break the casserole and ask after all ” Exercise into a habitual way of thinking , And apply it to daily work and life .

In addition, share three key words .

Zeroing ∶ Return to the most basic concept , Find the most basic foundation stone .

deconstruction ∶ Decomposition phenomenon , Find a breakthrough point for change .

restructure ∶ Build a new track , New mode , The new method replaces the old one .