Detailed explanation of commissioning methods and techniques

Recommend a software , Meditative space , Put down mobile phone , value highly one's time , Fight for the future , For a better life in the future , Blunt duck ！！！！

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Preface

In code bug Hard to avoid , Especially when it works but the result is wrong , It's so painful 罒 ω 罒 . debugging , Is a programmer must have , And practice hard , With skillful skills . This chapter will introduce the methods and techniques of code debugging . We must see the world more , Watch other people's good code , Write more and practice more ！

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Tips ： The following is the main body of this article , The following cases can be used for reference

1. What is debugging

debugging , English name Debug, Immediate debugging , It is the process of finding and reducing errors in programs . The compiler used in this paper is VS, How to find and correct mistakes .

2. Debugging steps

The commissioning steps are divided into ： Find the error , Locate the error , Analyze the cause of the error , Solve mistakes , Readjust . here , You have to pay attention , Our thinking should be rigorous , You can't change it , There are steps , Analyze the program predictably Will improve our hands-on and thinking ability .

2.1 Find the error

There are several types of errors in the program .

2.1.1 Compiler error

Also known as Grammar mistakes , We may carelessly write less than a colon , An extra bracket was added , This mistake is the simplest , The program will mark Number of lines where the error is located , We can correct it .

2.2.2 Linked error

From code to executable program , You need to go through the phase of compiling to linking , The general link type error is ： Unresolved external symbols , It is divided into The identifier is not defined or is incorrectly written Two cases .

here , If the location of the error is not marked , It can be done by Ctrl+f, Enter the part to be found , You can get the location of the code .

2.1.3 Runtime error

The most annoying mistake , No problem compiling , But it is not the desired result , This is the time , If it's too difficult to find mistakes , Need Step by step debugging To find out what went wrong .

2.2 Debugging environment preparation

2.2.1 debug And release

Below , We can observe , The compilation environment has debug And release Two kinds of .

Next , We introduce the functions of the two environments .

1. debug , Test version . For programmers to use , Contains various debugging information , Support Programmers and testers Find errors and debug the program step by step .

2. release , The release , For users , Ensure optimal speed , Convenient for users , no debug info , Debugging is not allowed .

As shown in the figure below , The same procedure ,release Version than debug The version takes up much less memory .

2.2.2 Introduction to shortcut keys required for debugging

2.2.2.1 F5, Start debugging

Generally speaking, it is related to F9 Use a combination of . As shown in the figure below , Press F5, If you just adjust the brightness , need fn Key and f5 Use it together , Will show f5 Key original function .

2.2.2.2 F9, Create cancel breakpoint

Breakpoints are used to , With breakpoints , Click on F5 Will cause the debugging to jump directly to the next breakpoint , The purpose is Skip the code snippet that is sure to work , Adjust only code snippets where errors may occur .
The actual operation is as follows
stay 43 The line has a breakpoint , Press once F5, You can debug code directly from main Jump to the first 43 That's ok .

2.2.2.3 F10, Step by step observation

In turn, click debugging –> window –> monitor –> Select the monitor window –> Enter the variable you want to observe –> enter , During debugging , Observe the changes of relevant variables . This is the key to debugging . We must have a clear mind , Know every step , What happens to variables . Once the change of the variable does not conform to the expectation , We can find mistakes .

Press F10, Observe i The change of

Press F10 after , Observe j The change of .

2.2.2.4 F11, Inside the function

As shown in the figure below , When encountering a function , Press F10, It doesn't go inside the function

Press F10 after , Skip to the next line of code , Don't go into functions .

here , If it is necessary to enter the function for internal observation , Just press F11 Inside the function .

Press F11 after , Get into Display Function Internal observation .

in addition , If only Run the program without debugging , You can go through Ctrl+F5 function .

3. understand F1-F12 The original functions of shortcut keys

3.1 F1,Help

F1 It belongs to the help button , When you open the software, you find that it doesn't work , Press F1 Key to call out the instructions window , You can view the instruction manual .

3.2 F2, rename

When selecting a file 、 file 、 Folder , Select any file , Press down F2 You can enable renaming , This function is quite convenient ,

3.3 F3, seek

When looking at the list on the Internet , Thousands of documents are dazzling , Most people will use Ctrl+F key , In fact, just press F3 key , The browser will pop up “ Search window ”, By searching for keywords , It can help us find . When you need to find a file exactly , There is no need to open an interface ,F3 You can call up a search interface with one click

3.4 F4, Address bar form

Many people know Alt+F4 The open serial port can be closed , however F4 stay IE Browser and file management can open the address bar , It is convenient to review the previously visited folders , Webpage .

3.5 F5, Refresh

It is applicable to all browsers, desktops and other programs

3.6 F6, Address bar

Press this key to quickly reach the address bar , Easy and fast input URL.

3.7 F7, Special features

Actually F7 The key in Windows There are no special functions on the system , But in the word processor , Such as Word、Excel when , Press to check for more errors , Check spelling .

3.8 F8, safe mode

When something goes wrong with the computer , Unable to enter Windows System time , It can be pressed continuously when the machine is turned on F8 key , Enter computer security mode . Enter safe mode , It can solve some difficult computer problems , But if you don't understand computers , It is recommended not to enter into .

3.9 F9, Special features

F9 The key in Windws There are no special functions on the system , But the same thing happens in the document processor Word Zhongneng reorganization document 、 Receiving software Outlook You can re launch emails and Windows player Medis Player It has the function of lowering the volume .

3.10 F10, Function list

F10 Key to quickly open the function list , Its coordination Shift Key to open the right mouse button shortcut menu . stay Windows player Media Player It has the function of increasing the volume .

Besides , On computer bios Setting up , After setting up , Press F10 Key to save the current settings .

3.11 F11, Full screen

Display the window or browser in full screen , Can press F11 key .

3.12 F12

stay windows There's no role in . But in word in , Press it to quickly pop up the save as file window ;

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summary

Just started debugging , There must be some unfamiliar places , Practice makes perfect , Can't give up , Quantitative change will soon produce qualitative change . For our future , Keep rushing ！！！！