How to write a blog with Golang - Milu.blog development summary

I started a small blog some time ago,A little bit of time to sum up today http://www.milu.blog,Don't miss the friends who pass by.Golang learn while rubbing,This seemingly uncomplicated little thing has been done before and after2个多月的时间.When the previous technology selection,As a rookie with a little understanding of the front end,Made most of the abandonment on the front end,Instead of choosing the popular technology stack, choose the most primitive technology stack.On the one hand, I hope that I can focus my energy onGolang开发上,Try not to be obsessed with the details of the front page while completing the small goals of the stage,On the other hand, I hope to be able to quickly fix and update quickly when there are many initial problems.,To users and small partners who feedback problems can respond in a timely manner.Even if such a goal,In the end, I tried three different style templates at the front desk to display,也花费了不少时间,有兴趣的小伙伴可以试试.当然这些都是在Pongo2Perfect realization with the cooperation of template engine,Update a single page directly without restarting the background service,If you switch templates, you need to restart the service.

The original intention of this project is to consolidate the understanding of the basic code through a basic code exercise.Golang基础知识的掌握,At the same time, it can also be connected with other knowledge learned,And with the simplest development method, it can be developed quickly and can be released online.Since the focus is onGolang,The front page is rendered in a simple server-side way,没有npm,webpack,没有安装依赖、压缩,rough and simple.The backend management page is in  Layuimini 的基础上采用 iframe+vue 混合开发方式,原来通过 iframe The function of realizing multi-label and the basic layout framework have not changed,Introduce directly on the business page vue,element.The advantage is that it eliminates the need to install dependency packages、Steps for packaging before going live,The disadvantage is that it cannot support complex business.The optional technology stacks are：

1. Front page is availableNuxt3 + ElementPlus,Nextjs + Antd等方式.
2. Background management can be used  Vue3 + Arco,  React + Antd 等等的方式.

仓库地址：

•  Gitee elk-blog

1. 相关介绍

1.1 基本介绍

• Elk Blog The name is for the convenience of search engines andGithub搜索直达,At the same time form the entire animal series of open source projects.

1.2 技术栈

1.2.1 后台

技术	说明	官网
Golang - 1.18	开发语言	https://go.dev/
Gin - 1.8.1	Gin Web Framework	https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/
Mysql - 5.7	数据库	https://www.mysql.com/cn/
Gorm - 1.9.16	Golang ORM	https://gorm.io/zh_CN/docs/index.html
Jwt	Golang jwt	https://github.com/golang-jwt/jwt
Pongo2 - 5	模板引擎	https://github.com/flosch/pongo2
Logrus	日志	https://github.com/sirupsen/logrus
Base64Captcha	验证码	https://github.com/mojocn/base64Captcha
Crypto	密码库	https://golang.org/x/crypto
Ini	ini文件库	https://github.com/go-ini/ini
Goment	时间处理工具	https://github.com/nleeper/goment
Air	热更新工具	https://github.com/cosmtrek/air

1.2.1 前台

技术	说明	官网
Vue - 2.x	渐进式JavaScript 框架	https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/
Axios	基于promise 的HTTP 库	https://github.com/axios/axios
Element-UI	前端UI组件库	https://element.eleme.io/
Tinymce	可视化HTML编辑器	https://www.tiny.cloud/
Fontawesome	图标字体库	http://www.fontawesome.com.cn/

1.3 开发工具

系统	工具	官网
Goland	开发工具	https://www.jetbrains.com/zh-cn/go/
Navicat	数据库管理工具	https://www.navicat.com.cn/
Atom	源码阅读工具	https://atom.io/
Cmder	Cmd替代工具[windows]	https://cmder.net/
Notepad2	Temporary single file editing[windows]	http://www.flos-freeware.ch/notepad2.html
Chrome	调试工具	https://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/chrome/

1.4 文件结构

The overall structure refers to the most beautiful frame in the world  Laravel.

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├─app                 // 核心代码
│  ├─controller       // 控制层
│  │  ├─admin
│  │  └─home
│  ├─database        // 数据库链接
│  ├─model           // 模型层
│  └─service         // 操作数据层
├─config             // 配置文件
├─pkg                // All tool files
│  ├─e               // 报错
│  ├─hash            // 验证码
│  ├─response        // 返回封装
│  └─utils           // 工具库
├─public             // 所有静态资源
│  ├─admin
│  ├─common
│  ├─data
│  ├─green
│  ├─home
│  └─uploads
├─routers             // 路由文件
└─views               // 所有静态资源
    ├─admin
    ├─green           // Green theme template
    ├─default         // 默认模板
    └─home            // 普通模板

     

      
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Tips：

• Air
  由于goNo hot loading technology itself,So it also needs the support of a hot loading tool.Not many options,

1.  Fresh

FreshSatisfy basic applications,Generates or restarts every time the file is savedWeb应用程序,It's just that this tool has not been updated for many years, so it is deprecated.

2.  Air

Air的优点也比较突出：彩色日志输出,自定义构建或二进制命令,支持忽略子目录,After startup, it supports monitoring new directories, etc..

2.1 Air 存在问题

Air存在缓存问题,虽然在cmdend insideAir,But refreshing the browser program is still running,In this case, you need to manually terminate the process and restart it.

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// 查找 PID,9888为端口号
netstat -ano | findstr 9888
// 杀死进程,14172 查到的pid
taskkill /pid 14172 /f

     

      
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2.2 Command not found 报错

如果输入 air 报这个错,That needs to be in the systempathConfigure the project path inside,比如项目在D:\go-project,那么在pathThere should be one in there：

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D:\go-project\bin

     

      
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•  Pongo2
  Due to the development of the separation of front and back side is not,So template engine plays an important role,I also looked at a lot of the initial selection.比如 goview,仿ejs的 quicktemplate,还有类ejs的 hero等等的.最后选定Pongo2The reason is powerful,上手容易,It is easy to realize the needs of sub-templates to inherit different templates.His general ideas and grammar are imitationsJinja2和Djangotemplate or basically the same.有诸如Extends、Macro、Block、Include等强大功能,如果有类  Django,  Nunjucks Template syntax is basically easy to get started with,Pongo2Documentation is not so detailed,For further understanding, you need to look at the source code of the warehouse  Template_tests.
  问题,与VueThe boundary value of symbols.

两种解决办法：

1. Vue的标签用v-html来代替,比如：<div v-html="user.nickname"></div>
2. 修改VueThe boundary of the modifier  delimiters配置方式.
   Goland对Pongo2Does not provide dedicated syntax highlighting support,Here is another plugin recommended, Twig,需要2步
3. 安装插件 File -> Settings -> Plugins -> Twig.
4. 重启开发工具

2. 如何在本地运行

以下以windows系统举例
先从 官网下载安装最新版Go开发包 1.18.3,然后进行相关的配置.

2.1 环境变量的配置

在系统变量中添加 Go Development related variables,The following variables need to be added

变量名	值	说明
GOPATH	d:\go-project	Go The development of the language directory
GOROOT	c:\Go	安装 Go 安装目录
PATH	c:\Go\bin;d:\go-project\bin	Terminal can be run directlyGo命令; 运行自己编译的Go程序和Air
GO111MODULE	on	开启 Go.mod 功能,统一用go.modManage development dependencies,此功能在Go1.11版本中添加
GOPROXY	https://goproxy.cn	Go 包下载代理地址

2.2 数据库

2.2.1 Mysql的安装

MysqlI used to playPHP的套件 Phpstudy,easy to install、启动便捷、Management and worry-free features,Of course, you can also choose a separate Mysql 来安装.Due to the final release 宝塔The current default version of the control panel is 5.7,为了避免不必要的麻烦,I currently have this version installed.

2.2.2 数据导入

然后导入 elk-blg/public/data/elk-blog.sql文件.
Default management entry：

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http://localhost:4000/admin/login

     

      
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初始用户名：admin,密码：admin

2.2.3 运行

Cmd中cd到当前目录,然后直接输入命令 air后启动项目.

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$ cd D:\go-project\src\elk-blog
$ air

     

      
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2.3 Goland 的配置

2.3.1 File -> Settings -> Go 下配置

变量名	值	说明
GOPATH	d:\go-project	Go The development of the language directory
GOROOT	C:\Go	By default, the highest version installed on the system will be selected.
GOPATH-Global GOPATH	d:\go-project	全局设置
Go Modules	GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct	First download from the configuration address,若失败,Download from the original address 功能,统一用go.modManage development dependencies,此功能在Go1.11版本中添加
GOPROXY	https://goproxy.cn	Go 包下载代理地址

2.3.2 Settings -> Project Structure

排除Exclued.idea, bin, pkg 等目录,不进行索引,Effectively save memory resources.

2.3.3 Settings -> Appearance

使用One Dark主题

2.4 Air 的配置

3. How do you launch

Because of my special dishes,对经典的linux及dockernever learned,So this time the choice is 宝塔Control panel to aid deployment,The following experience is also based on the pagoda to introduce.

3.1 安装GO

 宝塔Linux面板-安装golang环境

• Basic step is from the firstgo官网下载tar包,Then upload it to the specified directory on the server /usr/local,这样做的目的是,Can be done quickly and saves time.
• Then unzip and add environment variables tar -xzvf go1.18.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz,There need to be pagoda terminal not modify the configuration file,i.e. without exiting the saved mode,需要sshand modify directly in text edit mode.
  environment variables I added：

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export GOROOT=/usr/local/go # 设置为go安装的路径
export GOPATH=/www/wwwroot/GO #项目路径
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin

     

      
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• Pagoda terminal inputgo version,显示：go version go1.18.2 linux/amd64 That is, it is confirmed that the installation is successful

3.2 新建网站

其实就是新建nginx配置文件,such as creating a new website milu.blog,然后在nginx中配置goservice port entry.假如go的端口为4000,Then add the following configuration：

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server{
  location / {
    proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:4000;
  }
}

     

      
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3.3 准备打包go

goThe pack command only packs*.go结尾的文件,In other words not*.gofiles need to be uploaded manually.如果经历过npm run buildbaptized person,那go的这个buildAt least no major problems have been encountered so far,Maybe the reason why I write less code.

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set CGO_ENABLED=0
set GOARCH=amd64
set GOOS=linux
go build main.go

     

      
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3.4 上传文件

The uploaded directory is the project path defined in the environment variable,比如miluThe project directory is

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/www/wwwroot/GO/milu

     

      
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Other projects are

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/www/wwwroot/GO/other

     

      
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In order to prevent other configuration files from not being found,that all relevant files are in this directory.The last published/www/wwwroot/GO/miluThe files under are organized as：

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├─config  // 配置文件
├─public  // 静态资源
├─views   // 模板文件
├─main    // Finished packing the binary file

     

      
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That is to say, there are so many files before,If the deployment of these files will be enough.

3.5 上传SQL文件

The only thing this piece says is that the pagoda only supportsMysql5.7版本,暂不支持Mysql8.0,Manual installation is also possible,Laziness and no toss.To prevent version incompatibility,在本地开发时Mysql就为5.7.然后本地Navicat导出结构和数据,在宝塔的Phpmyadmin里边导入.

3.6 Command line terminal debugging

in the pagoda terminalcd到项目目录/www/wwwroot/GO/milu,然后直接 ./main,This makes it easy to view logs,You can see some detailed error messages.运行 ./main之后,Refresh the domain name,If each BuZhengChang page will display.

3.7 PM2绑定进程

I just try to state of mindpm2来运行一下go,I didn't expect it to work..This way no other services will be installed for the time being,和NodeService a run.

4. 感谢的人

Thanks to the following people for their support and help in this project

•  上海-时间 time Mysql field give me more help
•  南京-WikeWike是一位资深的 Go developers
•  上海-SamSam Areas of expertise are Gin, Vue