[Arduino] reborn Arduino monk (1)

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One 、 What is? Arduino？

If you want to know arduino First of all, we need to know what a single chip computer is ,Arduino The foundation of the platform is aggregation AVR Instruction set of MCU .

1、 What is single chip microcomputer ？ What's the difference between it and a personal computer ？

A computer that can work normally should be composed of these parts ：

a. Central processing unit CPU（ Carry out operations 、 control ）

b. Ram RAM（ Data storage ）

c. Memory ROM（ Program storage ）

d. Input / Output devices I/O（ Serial port 、 Parallel output port, etc ）

stay PC These parts are divided into several chips , Installed on a printed circuit board called the motherboard . And in SCM , These parts are all made into an integrated circuit chip , So it is called SCM , And there are some SCM in addition to the above parts , It also integrates other parts such as A/D Conversion and digital quantity / Analog quantity conversion （D/A） etc. .

2、 What's the use of single chip microcomputer ？

Single chip microcomputer is widely used in instruments 、 Household appliances 、 Medical equipment 、 Aerospace 、 Intelligent management and process control of special equipment .

1. Application in intelligent instruments

Single chip microcomputer has small volume 、 Low power consumption 、 Strong control function 、 Expand flexibility 、 Miniaturization and convenient use , Widely used in instruments , Combine different types of sensors , Such as voltage can be realized 、 power 、 frequency 、 humidity 、 temperature 、 Traffic 、 Speed 、 The thickness of the 、 angle 、 length 、 hardness 、 Elements 、 Measurement of physical quantities such as pressure . The instrument is digitized by using single chip microcomputer control 、 Intelligent 、 miniaturization , And the function is more powerful than using electronic or digital circuits . For example, precision measuring equipment ( Power meter , Oscilloscope , Various analyzers ).

2. Application in industrial control

A variety of control systems can be formed by single chip microcomputer 、 data acquisition system . For example, the intelligent management of factory assembly line , Elevator intelligent control 、 Various alarm systems , Networking with computers to form a secondary control system, etc .

3. Application in household appliances

It can be said that , Nowadays, household appliances are basically controlled by single chip microcomputer , From rice cooker 、 Washing machine 、 Refrigerator 、 air conditioning equipment 、 Color TV 、 Other audio and video equipment 、 Then to the electronic weighing equipment , multifarious , Omnipresent .

4. Application in the field of computer network and communication

Modern single chip microcomputer generally has communication interface , It can easily communicate with computers , It provides excellent material conditions for the application between computer network and communication equipment , Now the communication equipment has basically realized the intelligent control of single chip microcomputer , From cell phones , telephone 、 Small SPC Exchange 、 Building automatic communication call system 、 Train wireless communication 、 Then to the mobile phone that can be seen everywhere in daily work , Trunked mobile communication , Radio walkie talkie, etc .

5. Application of single chip microcomputer in the field of medical equipment

Single chip microcomputer is also widely used in medical equipment , For example, medical ventilator , Various analyzers , Monitor , Ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and hospital bed call system, etc .

6. Modular application in various large electrical appliances

Some special microcontrollers are designed to achieve specific functions , So as to carry out modular application in various circuits , Without requiring users to understand its internal structure . Such as music integrated MCU , Seemingly simple functions , Miniature in a pure electronic chip ( Different from the principle of tape drive ), You need complex computer like principles . Such as ： Music signals are stored in memory in digital form ( Be similar to ROM), Read out by microcontroller , Convert to analog music electrical signal ( It's like a sound card ). In large circuits , This modular application greatly reduces the size , Simplify the circuit , Reduced damage 、 Error rate , It is also convenient to replace .

7. The application of single chip microcomputer in the field of automotive equipment

SCM is widely used in Automotive Electronics , For example, engine controller in automobile , be based on CAN Bus intelligent electronic controller of automobile engine ,GPS Navigation system ,abs Anti lock system , Brake system, etc .

Besides , SCM is used in industry and commerce , Finance , scientific research 、 education , Defense, aerospace and other fields have a very wide range of applications .
 

In practice, it is not necessary for a computer to have high performance in any situation where it is needed , Does a computer that controls the temperature of a refrigerator need a core processor ？ The key to application is to see if it is enough , Whether there is a good performance price ratio . If a refrigerator needs to be processed with core for temperature control , That's the price . Like a Atmega328P-PU Single chip microcomputer , be based on AVR The instruction set 8 Bit processor , frequency 20MHz, Memory space 32KB.

3.Arduino brief introduction

Arduino It's convenient and flexible 、 Easy to use open source electronic prototype platform . Include hardware （ All kinds of Arduino plate ） And software （ArduinoIDE）. By a European development team in 2005 Developed in winter .Arduino Can pass all kinds of sensor To perceive the environment , By controlling the light 、 And other motor feedback devices 、 Affect the environment .Arduino Can be used to develop interactive products , For example, it can read a lot of switch and sensor signals , And can control all kinds of lights 、 Motors and other physical equipment .Arduino Projects can be individual , You can also run programs at runtime and on your computer （ for example ：Flash,Processing,MaxMSP） To communicate . On the board Micro controller Can pass Arduino Programming language to write programs , Translate it into Binary system file , Burn into the microcontroller . Yes Arduino Is programmed through Arduino programing language ( be based on Wiring) and Arduino development environment ( be based on  Processing) To achieve . be based on Arduino Project , It can only contain Arduino, It can also include Arduino And others in PC Software running on , They communicate with each other ( such as Flash, Processing, MaxMSP) To achieve .

4.Arduino advantage

• Software is open source and extensible
• Hardware is open source and extensible
• Cross platform
• The development board is cheap （ Assembled finished products , The price will not be very high ）
• Have a simple programming environment
• Suitable for non professional fans

5.Arduino Development board display

Figure 1 . Arduino Uno Exhibition

Most of the following studies will focus on one UNO Model number Arduino Development board for learning

For the sake of understanding , Part of the information comes from online literature ~

Can download VBB The platform carries out practical simulation ~