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离散 第一章
2022-06-12 07:56:00 【慕醒_mx】
离散 第一章
1.1集合的初见
朴素集合论
- 集合是由指定范围内的满足给定条件的所有对象聚集在一 起构成,每一个对象称为这个集合的元素。
公理化集合论
- 外延公理+空集存在公理+无序对公理+并集公理+幂集公理+无穷公理+替换公理+正则公理+选择公理。(ZFC 公理化集合论)(前八个叫ZF公理)
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-QaOnVflq-1654853679749)(C:\Users\陌然\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220610162508934.png)]](/img/e6/90b967aa7101fbf31458ee52193db3.png)
集合的表示
枚举法

叙述法

文恩图(文氏图)

集合基数

1.2特殊集合与集合间关系
空集
- 空集是绝对唯一的

全集
- 全集是相对唯一的,在某一个研究对象中全集是唯一的

集合的相等关系
- 集合中相同的元素通常看成同一个元素

子集和真子集

证明集合关系

n元素的子集

幂集

1.3集合的运算
并集

交集

补集

差集

对称差集

并集和交集的扩展

1.4集合的运算定律
运算定律

证明相等

1.5可数集合与不可数集合
自然数集的定义
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ijG8dBu6-1654853679761)(C:\Users\陌然\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220610171036665.png)]](/img/b5/61b51d224a6aede911b45f2f8ab319.png)
自然数的定义

等势

可数集合
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-KDlpJqc6-1654853679763)(C:\Users\陌然\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220610171832131.png)]](/img/43/c5dc4ee42d794096910adbac5f25d6.png)

不可数集合

- 实数包括有理数和无理数,有无理数就属于不可数了
第一章重点归纳
1.求子集

2.幂集
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-C4aWWLml-1654853679765)(C:\Users\陌然\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220610172641595.png)]](/img/ba/bcc85f593b8d242b4aa03fa604af08.png)
3.对称差集

4.等势:
- 可以做到一一对应
5.可数集合:和N等势的集合

6.不可数集合:与开区间(0,1)等势的集合

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