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[Tencent cloud] how can the MySQL database on the cloud fully back up the data base script?

2022-06-24 02:55:00 【TCS-F】

《MySQL The way of management 》 A Book Learned that for MySQL Database management , how Full volume backup MySQL database ：

Script code ：

#!/bin/bash 
mkdir /backup
cd /backup
dateDIR='date+"%y-%m-%d"'
mkdir -p $dateDIR/data
path=/usr/local/mysql/data
for i in 'mysql -u root -p123456 -e "show database"|grep -v "Database"'
  do
    mysqldump -uroot -p123456  --default-chareacter-set=utf-8 \-q   --lock-all-tables --flush-logs -E -R --triggers -B $i | gzip >  /backup/$dateDIR/${i}_${dateDIR}.sql.gz
  done

bilog_rm='tail -n 1 $path/mysql-bin.index | sed 's/.\///''
msyql -uroot -p123456 -e "purge binary logs to '$binlog_rm'"

》》》》 Refer to the internet article , Learn more MySQL Database backup

mysqldump Tool backup

Back up the entire database

$> mysqldump -u root -h host -p dbname > backdb.sql

Back up a table in the database

$> mysqldump -u root -h host -p dbname tbname1, tbname2 > backdb.sql

Backing up multiple databases

$> mysqldump -u root -h host -p --databases dbname1, dbname2 > backdb.sql

Back up all the databases in the system

$> mysqldump -u root -h host -p --all-databases > backdb.sql

Copy the entire database directory directly ( about InnoDB Storage engine not applicable ) Backup

windowns: installpath/mysql/data

linux: /var/lib/mysql

You need to execute the following commands before copying ：

MYSQL> LOCK TABLES;
#  Allow customers to continue querying tables during replication ,
MYSQL> FLUSH TABLES;
#  Write the active index page to the hard disk .

mysqlhotcopy Tool backup

The fastest way to back up a database or table , It can only run on the machine where the database directory is located , And can only back up MyISAM Type of watch .

To use this backup method, you must have access to the backed up table file .

$> mysqlhotcopy -u root -p dbname /path/to/new_directory;
# Copy the database to new_directory Catalog .

mysql Command import sql File restore

$> mysql -u root -p [dbname] < backup.sql
#  You need to create a dbname database , If backup.sql yes mysqldump The backup file created does not need to be executed dbname.
MYSQL> source backup.sql;
#  perform source You need to select the database before the command .

Direct replication database directory restore

notes ： This method must ensure that the original database and the database to be restored The main version number of the database is consistent , And only for MyISAM engine Table of .

close mysql service .
Overwrite the backed up files or directories mysql Of data Catalog .
start-up mysql service .
about linux System , After copying the file, you need to change the users and groups of the file Change it to mysql Users and groups running .

stop it mysql service , The database files will be backed up Copy to the location where the data is stored （mysql Of data Folder ）, Restart first mysql service that will do ( You may need to specify the owner of the database file ).

$> cp -R /usr/backup/test /usr/local/mysql/data
#  If the restored database already exists , Then use DROP Statement after deleting an existing database , Recovery can be successful , You also need to ensure that the database version is compatible .

Migration between databases of the same version

$> mysqldump -h www.abc.com -uroot -p password dbname | 
$> mysqldump -h www.bcd.com -uroot -p password
#  Put the server www.abc.com The database of dbname Migrate to the server www.bcd.com On the same version of the database .

Different versions mysql Migration between databases

Back up the original database .

Uninstall the original database .

Install new database .

In the new database Restore backup Database data .

Database user access information needs to be backed up mysql database .

Default character set problem ,MySQL4.x Use in latin1 As the default character Set ,mysql5.x Use utf8 As default character set . If you have Chinese data, you need to change the default character set .

Migration between different databases

MyODBC Tools Realization MySQL and SQL Server Migration between .

MySQL Migration Toolkit Tools .

Table export and import

SELECT ...... INTO OUTFILE Export text file , The method Can only be exported to the database server On , And the export file cannot already exist .

MYSQL> SELECT ...... INTO OUTFILE filename [OPTIONS]
MYSQL> SELECT * FROM test.person INTO OUTFILE "C:\person0.txt";
#  Will table person Import the data in as a text file person0.txt.

mysqldump File export text file ( and INTO OUTFILE The difference is that there is no need to add quotation marks to all the options of this method )

$> mysqldump -T path -u root -p dbname [tables] [OPTIONS]
# -T The parameter indicates that the exported text file .path Directory for exporting data .
$> mysqldump -T C:\test person -u root -p
#  take test In the table person Export table to text file . After successful execution test There will be two files in the directory ,person.sql and person.txt

mysql Command to export a text file

MYSQL> mysql -u root -p --execute="SELECT * FROM person;" test > C:\person3.txt;
#  take test In the database person Export table data to person3.txt In the text file .--vartical Parameter can divide a row into multiple rows for display .
MYSQL> mysql -u root -p --vartical --execute="SELECT * FROM person;" test > C:\person3.txt;
# --html Export table as html file ,--xml File exports the table as xml file

LOAD DATA INFILE Import a text file

MYSQL> LOAD DATA INFILE 'filename.txt' INTO TABLE tablename [OPTIONS] [IGNORE number LINES];
# [IGNORE number LINES] Indicates the number of rows ignored 
MYSQL> LOAD DATA INFILE 'C:\person0.txt' INTO TABLE test.person;

mysqlimport Import a text file

$> mysqlimport -u root -p dbname filename.txt [OPSTONS]
#  The imported table name is determined by the file name , The table must exist before importing data 
$> mysqlimport -uroot -p test C:\backup\person.txt
#  Import data into test Database person In the table .

Use mysqlbinlog Restore data

$> mysqlbinlog [option] filename | mysql -u user -p password
# filename Is a binary log file ,
$> mysqlbinlog --stop-date="2013-03-30 15:27:47" D:\MySQL\log\binlog\binlog.000008 | mysql -u root -p password
#  According to log file binlog.000008 Recover data to 2013-03-30 15:27:47 Previous operations .

Start binary log

log-bin = path/filename	# Log file storage directory and file name 
expire_log_days = 10	# Log auto delete time 
max_binlog_size = 100M	#  Maximum log file size

View binary logs

MYSQL> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'log_%';
MYSQL> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
$> mysqlbinlog filename
# filename Is the binary log file name .

Delete binary log

MYSQL> RESET MASTER; # Delete all binary logs 
MYSQL> PURGE {MASTER | BINARY} LOGS TO 'log_name';	# Delete file number less than log_name Numbered documents 
MYSQL> PURGE {MASTER | BINARY} LOGS BEFORE 'date';	# Delete files before the specified date

Temporarily stop binary logging （ No need to reboot mysql service ）

MYSQL> SET sql_log_bin = {0|1}	# Pause or start binary logging .

Principle of database backup