【HCIP】重发布及路由策略的实验

实验要求

1. 使用双点双向重发布
2. 所有路由器进行最佳选路
3. 存在备份路径，不得出现环路和路由回馈
4. R1除本身环回外，外加几条环回
   172.16.1.0/24 deny
   172.16.2.0/24 type 1
   172.16.3.0/24 cost 6
   172.16.4.0/24 type 1 cost 9
   更改如上参数
   

实验过程

配置IP

//R1 - 例
# 
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0            
 ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0        
# 
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1            
 ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0                           
# 
interface LoopBack0                       
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0         
# 
interface LoopBack1                       
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0      
# 
interface LoopBack2                       
 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0      
# 
interface LoopBack3                       
 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0      
# 
interface LoopBack4                       
 ip address 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0

起协议

//RIP
//R1
rip 1                                     
 undo summary                             
 version 2                                
 network 1.0.0.0                          
 network 172.16.0.0                       
 network 12.0.0.0                         
 network 14.0.0.0                         
//R2
rip 1                                     
 undo summary                             
 version 2                                
 network 2.0.0.0                          
 network 12.0.0.0
//R4
rip 1                                     
 undo summary                             
 version 2                                
 network 14.0.0.0

//OSPF
//R2
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2                  
 area 0.0.0.0                             
  network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
//R3
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3                  
 area 0.0.0.0                             
  network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0                 
  network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0                
  network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0                
//R4
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4                  
 area 0.0.0.0                             
  network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0                 
  network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0

路由表展示

双向重发布

//R2
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2                  
 import-route rip 1                       
 area 0.0.0.0                             
  network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0                
# 
rip 1                                     
 undo summary                             
 version 2                                
 network 2.0.0.0                          
 network 12.0.0.0                         
 import-route ospf 1
//R4
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4                  
 import-route rip 1                       
 area 0.0.0.0                             
  network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0                 
  network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0                
# 
rip 1                                     
 undo summary                             
 version 2                                
 network 14.0.0.0                         
 import-route ospf 1 

路由表展示


可以发现R4的路由表与重发布前一致，故没有出现路由回馈
但是R2的路由表与重发布前不一致一致，R4环回4.4.4.4在OSPF与RIP发送方式不一样导致产生路由回馈，在R2路由表中产生两条路由

//解决方案：修改R4环回的OSPF工作方式
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast

此时再查看R2路由表，无4.4.4.4/32

也可以将地址改为4.4.4.4/32，此时将没有4.4.4.4/24地址

连通性测试：R1环回 ping R3环回

干涉选路

R1对OSPF和R3对RIP中的任一网段都为等开销负载均衡

但实际上上下两条路存在不同，我们分别在R2与R4上干涉选路 — 使用偏移列表

//R2
[R2]ip ip-prefix a permit 4.4.4.0 24
[R2]ip ip-prefix a permit 34.1.1.0 24
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix a 2
//R4
[R4]ip ip-prefix a permit 23.1.1.0 24
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout ip-prefix a 2

此时R1到R3的选路已经完成，接下来在OSPF中干涉选路，使用华为路由策略

//将不佳路由的类型2改为类型1
//R2
[R2]ip ip-prefix b permit 2.2.2.0 24
[R2]ip ip-prefix b permit 12.1.1.0 24
[R2]route-policy b permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b
[R2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]route-policy b permit node 20	//空表，允许所有
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy b	//重发布
//R4
[R4]ip ip-prefix b permit 14.1.1.0 24
[R4]route-policy b permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b
[R4-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]route-policy b permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy b

此时仅R1环回等开销负载均衡

更改R1环回参数 – 华为路由策略

//R2
ip ip-prefix R1-1 index 10 permit 172.16.1.0 24
ip ip-prefix R1-2 index 10 permit 172.16.2.0 24
ip ip-prefix R1-3 index 10 permit 172.16.3.0 24
ip ip-prefix R1-4 index 10 permit 172.16.4.0 24
#
route-policy b permit node 10             
 if-match ip-prefix b                     
 apply cost-type type-1                   
# 
route-policy b deny node 20               
 if-match ip-prefix R1-1                  
# 
route-policy b permit node 30             
 if-match ip-prefix R1-2                  
 apply cost-type type-1                   
# 
route-policy b permit node 40             
 if-match ip-prefix R1-3                  
 apply cost 6                             
# 
route-policy b permit node 50             
 if-match ip-prefix R1-4                  
 apply cost 6                             
 apply cost-type type-1                   
# 
route-policy b permit node 60
# 
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2                  
 import-route rip 1 route-policy b
//R4 - 同上

路由表展示


连通性测测试：