0 basic understanding of how e-commerce systems connect with payment channels

1 The problem background

I was temporarily pulled to pay , The payment business for e-commerce is 0 Basics . Under the guidance of many development leaders , Finally, the requirements have been completed . Now I will sort out and summarize the knowledge in the payment process . Read for payment 0 Basic partner .

2 Preface

This article uses 0 Research on payment business from the perspective of basic developers , Basically no code involved , Suitable products 、 Developers read .

There are many types of payment services , For example, electronic payment （ Wechat payment 、 Alipay 、Paypal etc. ）、 The credit card （visa card 、master card 、 Bank cards, etc ）, The author participated in the docking of credit card payment channels , therefore This paper studies the payment of credit card .

If there are any mistakes, please point them out in the comments

3 Role in credit card business

First, give a business diagram of the data flow of credit card consumption , Just get a general idea , As shown in the figure below ：

3.1 The issuing bank

Issuer and card organization 、 Cardholders are connected to each other , If you don't understand the context, you can read it again and again , To savor .

The institution that issues credit cards . For example, Guangdong Development Bank , issue VISA card , Then Guangdong Development Bank is the card issuer .（VISA card It is a famous credit card brand in foreign countries ）

3.2 Cardholder

A person who holds a credit card issued by an issuer . For example, Zhang San , Have the... Issued by Guangdong Development Bank VISA card , Then Zhang San is the cardholder .

3.3 Acquirer

The acquirer is closely connected with the special merchant , It is suggested to read the two concepts in context repeatedly .

The acquirer is responsible for Special merchants Development and management of 、 The authorization request 、 Bill settlement and other activities . Its income comes from the sharing of transaction service fees of special merchants 、 Service charge . When the acquirer is a bank , It's called Acquirer .

Example ： MINISO MINISO Sign with Guangdong Development Bank POS Machine business , Guangfa sends staff to create famous and high-quality products MINISO Store installation POS Credit card machine . At this time, famous and excellent products MINISO yes Special merchants , Guangfa is Acquirer （ Because Guangfa is a bank , Not a company with a payment business license , So it can also be called Acquirer ）.

3.4 Special merchants

The special merchant is closely related to the acquirer , It is suggested to read the two concepts in context repeatedly .

The special merchant has signed a commercial agreement with the acquirer .

Example ： MINISO MINISO Sign with Guangdong Development Bank POS Business agreement for the machine business . Guangfa sends staff to create famous and high-quality products MINISO Store installation POS Credit card machine . Then consumers can create high-quality products in famous brands MINISO Use a credit card to spend . At this time, famous and excellent products MINISO yes Special merchants , Guangfa is Acquirer （ Because Guangfa is a bank , Not a company with a payment business license , So it can also be called Acquirer ）. The acquirer's income is generally the same as that of each card swipe , The acquirer can get the share or service charge according to the payment amount , It's a bit like withdrawing money from wechat wallet to bank card , Wechat will charge a service fee .

3.5 Card organization

Card organization is the core role in credit card business , Not one of them. , And the scale is also very large .

Card organization is a huge organization , It is responsible for Define the card criteria 、 Card protocol etc. . The issuer wants to issue some cards , To join the corresponding card organization , Become a member of the card organization . Hereinafter referred to as members . Members must follow the standards set by the card organization .

The card organization is responsible for Build and operate a super large payment information exchange network . Members of the card organization , Can make inter-bank payment through this network .

What is the use of this super large network ？

Act as an intermediary for inter agency clearing transactions . Example , Both Guangfa bank and industrial and Commercial Bank of China have joined VISA Card organization , Both banks have their own payment information networks built and operated . Zhang San holds the VISA card , MINISO MINISO Signed with industrial and Commercial Bank of China POS Machine business . Zhangsan holds this one applied for in Guangfa VISA It is stuck in the famous, creative and high-quality products MINISO Consumption swipe card , So the data flow in the payment business is POS Send the bill to industrial and Commercial Bank of China , The industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) found that the consumer's card was not applied for in ICBC , It was applied for in Guangfa . The payment networks of these two banks are Independent Of , want adopt The super large payment network built by the card organization , To solve this consumption transaction . The network built by the card organization serves such a role . As an intermediary, there is a service charge , This income is determined by the commercial agreement signed by the members of the card organization . China UnionPay also plays such a role , China UnionPay It is a famous card organization in China . The famous card organizations in foreign countries are VISA Card organization 、Master Card Card organization （ MasterCard ）

4 Payment channel

4.1 Examples in life

The famous Alipay in China 、 Wechat payment can be understood as a payment channel . A company that has a payment business license but does not belong to a bank , Can be understood as a payment channel . In other words, payment channels encapsulate many types of payment methods , Like credit cards 、 Bank card 、 Electronic account number, etc .

Example ： Wechat payment can not only use wechat wallet for payment , You can also bind bank cards on wechat , In this way, wechat can use the money in the bank card to pay for consumption .

4.2 The role of payment channels in e-commerce

As shown in the top right corner of the figure below ：

The above figure shows the role of payment channels in e-commerce . The flow direction is 11 -> 12 -> 13 -> 14 15. Buyers browse the goods on e-commerce websites , After choosing your favorite items , Go to the settlement page to make payment . Enter the necessary payment information on the settlement page （ When it is a credit card payment, you need to fill in the card number 、 month 、 year 、 The period of validity ; when Paypal when , It needs to be filled in Paypal Account password of ）. The e-commerce system assembles these information into a request message , send out HTTP request Make a payment request to the acquirer . The following process is that the acquirer is responsible for requesting payment , After the payment request is successful , Pay the special merchant .

4.3 E-commerce systems connect with payment channels

From the role in the credit card business, introduce the various links in the payment scenario, and then introduce the role played by the payment channel , It can be considered as an interactive process at the whole product level . At the code level or at the business modeling level , E-commerce systems connect with payment channels , What exactly is involved ？ What do I need to do ？

4.3.1 The core

The core is that the e-commerce system needs to get the special merchant to Payment channel Created account number Relevant information , Send the request It is sent to the payment channel according to the interface protocol assembly parameters of the payment channel .

4.3.2 Electricity supplier system B What you need to do

There needs to be a place for special merchants to fill in the account number of their payment channel , This account is actually used to collect money , It can be understood as an electronic wallet , You can withdraw cash and recharge .

The account number may be some of the following information ：

• Special merchants in the payment channel secret key
• The special merchant configures in the payment channel domain name
• The payment channel is allocated to the special merchant Unique identification ID（ Similar to the key ）
• wait

4.3.3 Electricity supplier system C What you need to do

1. Send a request . Get the information about their account number in the payment channel configured by the special merchant , Then, according to the interface protocol specified by the payment channel , Assembly request message , send out HTTP Ask for the past .
2. Determine payment status . Judge whether the buyer pays successfully or fails according to the response message of the payment channel , Or in payment .
3. Handle webhook Callback . If it is being paid , Generally, the payment channel is processing logic , We will have time to complete the payment process in the future （ That is, the interaction with the acquirer ）, Wait until the processing is complete , Generally, the payment channel will send a HTTP Request to e-commerce system （ In the jargon of enterprise development, this kind of request is called webhook, Chinese call Callback ）, The e-commerce system needs to receive the request and determine whether the payment is successful or failed （ The payment channel will explain in the interface protocol how to judge whether the payment is successful or failed ）.

5 summary

1. The various roles in the credit card business
2. The role of payment channels
3. How does the e-commerce system connect with the payment channel

This article was written on and off , The idea of writing may be unclear or the context may have no causal relationship , If you have any shortcomings, please correct .