debian10 install djando

一、基础配置

配置阿里云源

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

更新源：

apt update

安装常用工具

apt install -y vim git procps net-tools wget lrzsz

安装ssh服务

apt install -y openssh-server openssh-client

安装python3.9.1

echo "deb-src http://archive.debian.com/debian/ bionic main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
#安装依赖
apt-get build-dep -y python3.5
cd /root
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/Python-3.9.1.tar.xz
tar -xvf Python-3.9.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.9.1
./configure --enable-optimizations
make -j 2
make install

ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.9 /usr/local/bin/pip
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.9 /usr/local/bin/python

#更新pip
/usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip

#修改pipThe source is the Alibaba Cloud software source
mkdir ~/.pip
cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
EOF

二、安装Django并创建项目

安装Django

python -m pip install Django

查看版本

python -m django --version

创建Django项目

Enter the directory where you want to store the project code and execute the following command,创建名为zmtdjango的项目：

django-admin startproject zmtdjango

After executing the command, a file named zmtdjango的目录,目录结构如下：

zmtdjango/
|-- manage.py
`-- zmtdjango
    |-- __init__.py
    |-- settings.py
    |-- urls.py
    `-- wsgi.py

三、配置Django

1、配置mysql数据库

安装库文件

安装pymysql和cryptography：

pip install pymysql
pip install cryptography

修改settings.py文件

打开项目下的settings.py文件,并对“DATABASES”部分进行编辑：

原文如下：

DATABASES = {
    
    'default': {
    
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

修改为：

#DATABASES = {
    
# 'default': {
    
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
# }
#}

DATABASES = {
    
    'default': {
    
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'zmtmanage',
        'USER': 'zmtmanage',
        'PASSWORD': 'zmtmanage=123',
        'HOST': 'mysql',
        'POST': 3306,
        'OPTIONS': {
    'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
    }
}

在settigns.py文件中修改

修改__init__.py文件

Add the following code to the filezmtdjango/zmtdjango/___init__.py中：

import pymysql
pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0)
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

迁移数据库

Execute the following command to migrate the database(创建Django数据库表)：

python manage.py migrate

2、Create a background management user

python manage.py createsuperuser

3、修改语言

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

在settigns.py文件中修改

4、修改时区

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

在settigns.py文件中修改

5、设置允许访问Django的方式

# All access is allowed
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
# 只允许列表中的ip地址访问
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['192.168.1.2', '192.168.1.3']
# 只允许通过域名访问,禁止通过IP访问
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['test.com', 'www.test.com', '*.test.cn']

在settigns.py文件中修改

四、创建应用

创建应用

python manage.py startapp web

web：应用名称

注册应用

修改settings.py文件内的INSTALLED_APPS选项,Add the created app to it：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'importfiles',
]

在settigns.py文件中修改

五、迁移数据库

This step is after creating the app,The method you want to use when creating or modifying table structures within the database for your application.

生成迁移文件

python manage.py makemigrations

执行迁移文件

#Defaults to all modifications under the projectmodes文件进行迁移
python manage.py migrate

#对某个appModified belowmodel文件进行迁移
python manage.py migrate app_name

#to a migration file(0004_xxx.py)：
python manage.py migrate app_name 0004

六、报错信息

报错1

报错信息：

Invalid HTTP_HOST header: ‘xxx.com’. You may need to add u’xxx.com’ to ALLOWED_HOSTS

解决方法：

修改settings.py文件内的ALLOWED_HOSTS,原内容：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

修改后的内容：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

报错2

报错信息：

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required; you have 0.10.1

解决方法：

修改__init__.py文件内容如下：

import pymysql
pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0)
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

报错3

报错信息：

RuntimeError: cryptography is required for sha256_password or caching_sha2_password

解决方法：

执行如下命令,安装cryptography

pip install cryptography

七、参考资料

[django报错解决：Invalid HTTP_HOST header: ‘xxx.com’. You may need to add u’xxx.com’ to ALLOWED_HOSTS.](https://www.cnblogs.com/zqifa/p/django-setting-1.html)

RuntimeError: cryptography is required for sha256_password or caching_sha2_password

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required

Django 基本命令

Django操作MySql详细教程

如何在 Debian 9上安装 Django