VIM command Encyclopedia

vim The command of

1.vim Introduce

vim The editor has three modes ：

Command mode 、 Edit mode 、 Last row mode

Mode to mode switching method ：
（1） In command mode , Input “：” after , Enter last line mode
（2） In last line mode , Press esc Slow down 、 Press two times. esc Fast back 、 Or delete all commands , You can go back to command mode
（3） In command mode , Press down i、a Isobond , Can be included in edit mode
（4） In edit mode , Press down esc, You can go back to command mode

vim Open file ：

Vi The options used	say bright
vim filename	Open or create a new file , And place the cursor at the beginning of the first line
vim -r filename	Back to the last vim Files that crash when opened
vim -R filename	Put the specified file in read-only mode Vim Editor
vim + filename	Open file , And place the cursor at the beginning of the last line
vi +n filename	Open file , And place the cursor on the n The first part of the line
vi +/pattern filename	Open the document , And place the cursor on the first and pattern The matching position
vi -c command filename	Before editing a file , Execute the specified command first

2. Command mode

1. Cursor movement

Shortcut key	Function description
jkhl	Basically up, down, left and right
gg	Move the cursor to the first line of the document
G	The cursor moves to the end of the document
^ or _	The cursor moves to the first non empty character at the beginning of the line
home Key or 0 perhaps g0	The cursor moves to the first character at the beginning of the line
g_	The cursor moves to the last non empty character at the end of the line
end or $orpersong$	The cursor moves to the last character at the end of the line
gm	The cursor moves to the middle of the current line
w/W	Move the cursor forward one word （ Uppercase ignore /- And so on ）
b/B	Move the cursor back one word （ Uppercase ignore /- And so on ）
e/E	Move to the end of the word （ Uppercase ignore /- And so on ）
ctrl+b or pageUp key	Flip screen operation , Turn up
ctrl+f or pageDn key	Flip screen operation , Turn down
Numbers +G	Quickly move the cursor to the specified line
`.	Move to the last edit
Numbers + Up and down direction key	Subject to the current cursor , Up / Move down n That's ok
Numbers + Left right key	Subject to the current cursor , towards the left / Move right n Characters
H	Move to the top of the screen
M	Move to the middle of the screen
L	Move to the end of the screen
z+Enter key	The current line is at the top of the screen
z+ .	The current line is in the middle of the screen
z+ -	The current line is at the bottom of the screen
shift+6	Move the cursor to the beginning of the line
shift+4	Move the cursor to the end of the line
-	Move to the first non empty character on the previous line
+	Move to the first non empty character on the next line
)	Move one sentence forward
(	Move one sentence back
}	Move a paragraph forward
{	Move a paragraph forward
count l	Move to count Column
counth	Move to the left count character
countl	To the right count character
countgo	Move to count character

2. Select content

Shortcut key	Function description
v	Make character selection
V	Make line selection
gv	Select the last selection
o	The cursor moves to another end of the selection
O	The cursor moves to another corner of the selection
ctr + V	Make block selection

3. Copy （ With the paste command p Use ）

Shortcut key	Function description
y	Copy the selected text to the clipboard
n+yy	Copy the line where the cursor is , This command can be preceded by a number n, Multiple lines can be copied
yw	Copy the word at the cursor position
ctrl+v + Direction key +yy	ctrl+v, And press the direction key to select the block , Press down yy Copy

4. shear

Shortcut key	Function description
dd	shear Cursor in line
Numbers +dd	Subject to the behavior of the cursor （ Contains the current line ）, Cut down the specified number of rows
D	Cut cursor line

5. Paste

Shortcut key	Function description
p	The contents of the clipboard Paste after cursor
P（ Capitalization ）	The contents of the clipboard Paste in front of the cursor

6. Delete

Shortcut key	Function description
x	Delete Cursor position The characters of
X( Capitalization )	Delete In front of the cursor A character
dd	Delete Cursor in line , After deleting , Move the next line up
D	Delete Cursor position to end of line The content of , After deleting , The next line does not move up
ndd	Delete current row （ Including this trip ） after n Line text
dw	Move the cursor to the beginning of the word to delete the word
dG	Delete everything from the cursor line to the end of the file
:a1,a2d	Remove from a1 Row to a2 The text content of the line

7. revoke / recovery

Shortcut key	Function description
u	revoke
ctrl+r	recovery
U( Capitalization )	Undo all edits

8. Character conversion

Shortcut key	Function description
~	Convert case
u	Become lowercase
U	Become capital

9. Shortcut keys for editing commands

Shortcut key	Function description
↑ or ctr + p	Last order
↓ or ctr + n	Next order
ctr + b	Move to the beginning of the command line
ctr + e	Move to the end of the command line
ctr + ←	One word to the left
ctr + →	One word to the right

3. Last row mode (: xxx command )

1. preservation / Exit file operation

command	Function description
:wq	Save and exit Vim Editor
:wq!	Save and force exit Vim Editor
:q	Quit without saving Vim Editor
:q!	Do not save , And forced out Vim Editor
:w	Save but don't quit Vim Editor
:w!	Force save text
:w filename	Save as filename file
x！	Save text , And exit Vim Editor
ZZ	immediate withdrawal Vim Editor

2. lookup ：“/ key word ”

In the search results , use N、n You can switch between up and down results ; Input “nohl”, You can unhighlight

Shortcut key	Function description
/abc	From the cursor position Look ahead character string abc
/^abc	Looking to abc For the line at the beginning of the line
/abc$	Looking to abc Is the line at the end of the line
?abc	From the cursor position Look behind character string abc
n or ;	Repeat the last lookup instruction in the same direction
N or ,	Repeat the last lookup assignment in the opposite direction

3. Replace

Shortcut key	Function description
r	Replace the character where the cursor is located
R	Replace characters from where the cursor is , Its input content will cover the text of the same length behind , Press “Esc” Can end
:s/a1/a2	Replace The first place on the current cursor line Eligible content
:s/a1/a2/g	Replace The current cursor line be-all a1 Use both a2 Replace
:%s /a1 /a2	Replace All right in , First of all Eligible content
:%s /a1 /a2/g	Replace All right in , all Eligible content
:n1,n2 s/a1/a2	Put... In the file n1 To n2 That's ok in First of all a1 Use both a2 Replace
:n1,n2 s/a1/a2/g	Put... In the file n1 To n2 That's ok in all a1 Use both a2 Replace

4. Line number display ：“: set nu”;

1. Line number display : set nu
2. Cancel line number display ：“: set nonu”

5. File switching

Use vim After opening multiple files , You can switch in the last line mode .

1. View all currently open files ：“:files”(%a Indicates the active state ,# Represents the last open file )
2. Switch to the specified file ：“:open file name ”
3. Switch to the previous article (back previous)：“:bp”
4. Switch to next file (back next)：“:bn”

4. Edit mode

Shortcut key	Function description
i	At present Insert... At cursor position , The text behind the cursor moves to the right
I	stay Insert at the beginning of the line where the cursor is located , The beginning of a line is the first non white space character of the line , It is equivalent to moving the cursor to the beginning of the line to execute i command
o	stay Insert... Below the line where the cursor is located A new line . The cursor stops at the beginning of an empty line , Waiting for input text
O（ Capitalization ）	stay Insert... On the line where the cursor is located A new line . The cursor stops at the beginning of an empty line , Waiting for input text
a	At present Insert... After the cursor position
A	stay Insert at the end of the line where the cursor is , It is equivalent to moving the cursor to the end of the line and then executing a command
esc key	Exit edit mode

5. Expand

1. Code color display ：“：syntax on/off”

2.vim Built in calculator ：
a. Enter edit mode
b. Press down “ctrl+r”, The cursor becomes a quotation mark ,, Input “=”, The cursor goes to the last line
c. Enter what you want to calculate , Press down enter after , The calculation result replaces the quotation marks in the previous step , Cursor recovery

3.vim Configuration of
a. On file open , The configuration entered in the last line mode is temporary , The configuration is invalid after closing the file
b. Modify personal profile , You can permanently save your personal configuration （~/.vimrc, If not, you can create your own ）
c. Modify global profile , Effective for each user （vim Bring their own ,/etc/vimrc）

notes ： Personal profiles have higher priority , When personal configuration conflicts with global configuration , The system is subject to the personal profile of the current user

4. Abnormal exit
After editing the file , Exit without normal saving , An exception will be generated to exit the swap file （. original file name .swp）
Delete the swap file , When you open the file again , No prompting ：“#rm -f . original file name .swp”

5. Alias mechanism ： Custom instruction
Linux in , There is an alias mapping file ： ~/.bashrc
Modify file content , You can customize the instructions , It will take effect after you log in to your account again

6. File shortcuts
For deep files , You can create file shortcuts , Easy to follow up ：#ln -s The source path New path

7.** Exit mode **
（1） stay vim Exit file editing mode in , have access to “:q” perhaps “:wq”
（2） It is recommended to use “:x”: The use effect is equivalent to wq, If the file is changed, save it first and then exit ; But if the file has not been modified , You just quit , The file update time will not be modified , Avoid the user's determination of the file modification time