key＆key_len＆ref＆filtered（4）—mysql执行计划（五十)

前面说了system是精确存储引擎和只存一条数据，const是主键和唯一索引才能达到的效率访问，ref是二级索引等值查询，或者联合索引全部等值，如果联合索引单个查询，则是index，ref_not是二级索引等值查询而且有null，range代表分区查询，all代表全表查询。

TYPE（3）—mysql执行计划（四十九)

possible keys & key

possible keys代表可能用到的索引，key代表，mysql优化器成本计算后，实际会用到的索引key，

所以possible keys并不是越多越好，代表扫描的索引越多。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z' AND key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys     | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key3 | 303     | const |    6 |     2.75 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
 
 
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key_part2 FROM s1 WHERE key_part3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | index | NULL          | idx_key_part | 909     | NULL | 9688 |    10.00 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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有一点特别的是，当type是index时候，possible_kyes是空的。

key_len

表示mysql当决定使用某个索引的时候，使用索引的最大长度，这个长度是由三个部分组成：

1、对于使用固定长度类型的索引，则他实际占用的大小就是他的固定值，若是utf8，varchar(100)，则他实际占用长度是100*3 = 300。

2、如果有null，需要加个null值列表。长度为1

3、对于变长字段，都会有两个字节来存储实际长度。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE id = 5;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2 = 5;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | const | idx_key2      | idx_key2 | 5       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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从上可以看到，因为主键没有null值，所以比key2的key_len长度少1，因为key2可以有null。

对于可变长的索引来说：

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    8 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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因为key1属于varchar(100)，所以是100*3，又因为可以null，+1，又因为变长字段+2，所以就是303。当使用联合索引查询的时候，需要注意的是，会根据使用几个索引而现实多长：

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key_part1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key_part  | idx_key_part | 303     | const |   12 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key_part1 = 'a' AND key_part2 = 'b';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref         | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key_part  | idx_key_part | 606     | const,const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

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上面可以看到，联合索引里有三个字段，第一个sql用到一个索引，索引是303，第二个sql用到两个索引，索引是606.

ref

当索引在等值匹配查询的时候，在访问，const,ref，ref_or_null，unique sub_query，index sub_query其中之一时，

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | const |    8 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

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这里可以看到ref现实的是const，表名key1做匹配的时候，是个常数。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref             | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL            | 9688 |   100.00 | NULL  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | xiaohaizi.s1.id |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s2.key1 = UPPER(s1.key1);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL | 9688 |   100.00 | NULL                  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | func |    1 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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而这里可以看到前面的是数据库加s1的id，后面是一个函数。

row

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | range | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |  266 |   100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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如果是全表扫描，则是全表扫描的行数，如果是索引扫描，则是索引需要扫描的行数。比如上面的sql，因为key1是索引，所以是扫描索引满足的数量有266条。

Filtered

我们前面说过连接查询的时候，有一个扇出值的概念，被驱动表查询的次数，取决于驱动表查询的数据有多少行，

1、如果是全表扫描的时候，那么计算驱动表扇出时，估计出满足搜索记录需要多少条。

2、如果使用索引执行单表查询，那么计算驱动表扇出时，估计出满足使用到对应索引的搜索条件外其他搜索记录有多少条。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z' AND common_field = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | range | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | NULL |  266 |    10.00 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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比方这个单表查询，rows可以看到key1索引扫描满足>z的有266条，那么有多少条满足common_filed = 'a' 呢，这就要看filtered了，sql查询出来的数据就是266 * 10%。

接下来我们 看连接查询

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.key1 = s2.key1 WHERE s1.common_field = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref               | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s1    | NULL       | ALL  | idx_key1      | NULL     | NULL    | NULL              | 9688 |    10.00 | Using where |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_key1      | idx_key1 | 303     | xiaohaizi.s1.key1 |    1 |   100.00 | NULL        |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------------------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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连接查询可以看到s1表全表扫描查出估计值是9688条，然后* 10%，意味着扇出值就是9688 * 10%,也就意味着s2会执行扇出值的次数。