使用Ganache、web3.js和remix在私有链上部署并调用合约

首先启动Ganache

开发环境搭建

首先建立一个文件夹（HelloWorld），然后进入文件
然后 npm init 命令之后一直回车
然后 安装web3等包
最后 code . 打开vscode编辑器。

获取私有链上的信息

新建一个 index.js 文件，添加如下代码。

获取Ganache中给予我们的十个账户地址：

var localhost = "http://127.0.0.1:7545"
var Web3 = require("web3")
var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(localhost))
web3.eth.getAccounts(function (error, result) {
    
    console.log("账户列表地址：");
    console.log(result);
});

在vs中新建终端，输入node index.js，便可以看到十个账户的地址已经被打印出来。

部署合约

https://remix.ethereum.org/

浏览器打开remix的网址，由于我们是测试，可以选一个较为简单的合约部署，如他上面的1_Storage.sol(一个简单存数字的合约)

然后点击左侧的按钮并编译

编译后我们可以看到编译成功，点击最下方的Compilation Details可以查看编译的详情有各种的信息，我们这里需要的是WEB3DEPLOY，如下可示：

将WEB3DEPLOY里面的代码复制到我们代码的最后方，把里面的web3.eth.accounts[0]替换为我们自己的地址account_1(在Ganache给我们的十个账户中随便选一个就行)，替换后的代码如下：

var localhost = "http://127.0.0.1:7545"  // 设置网络，这里是我们本机ganache

var account_1 = '0x8038F0BF1CE32A31325BC4e166fcaCCFB171d1d6'; // 账户地址

var Web3 = require("web3")
var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(localhost))   
web3.eth.getAccounts(function (error, result) {
     //打印出所有账户
    console.log("账户列表地址：");
    console.log(result);
});

var storageContract = new web3.eth.Contract([{
    "inputs":[],"name":"retrieve","outputs":[{
    "internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{
    "inputs":[{
    "internalType":"uint256","name":"num","type":"uint256"}],"name":"store","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}]);
var storage = storageContract.deploy({
    
     data: '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', 
    arguments: []
}).send({
    
     from: account_1,   // 创建合约的账户地址
     gas: '4700000'
   }, function (e, contract){
    
    console.log(e, contract);
    if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
    
         console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
    }
 })

此时再在vs的终端中执行node index.js可以看到应该已经部署成功

创建完之后，回到ganache查看：花费的燃气费由创建合约的地址付。

此时合约已经在ganache上部署成功！

合约调用

首先将我们刚刚部署号的合约地址，data (从WEB3DEPLOY中复制出来的代码里面) 以及ABI加到我们的代码里

var contractAddress = '0x624c67b1E7487DDed360AFC3283093ee57Fd0486'; // 合约地址

var data = '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';

var contractABI = [
	{
    
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "retrieve",
		"outputs": [
			{
    
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
    
		"inputs": [
			{
    
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "num",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "store",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	}
]

合约地址是我们部署到Ganache里合约的地址，上图有标注，ABI可以在
remix中编译详情下方复制（后续自己写合约构造合约实例来获取abi）。

然后就可以获取到合约实例并完成调用了！

var Web3 = require("web3")
var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(localhost))

var Storage_Contract = new web3.eth.Contract(contractABI, contractAddress)

Storage_Contract.methods.store(10000000000).send({
     from : account_1}, function (error, result) {
    
    console.log("结果_store：" + result);  // acount_1调用合约的store方法存值
})

Storage_Contract.methods.retrieve().call({
     from : account_1}, function(error, result) {
    
     console.log("结果_retrieve： " + result);
})

可在终端 和 ganache 查看调用结果！
调用store方法：

在ganache中：

调用retrieve方法：

此方法仅查看，未发送交易。