RAID disk array

RAID磁盘阵列

RAID磁盘阵列是Redundant Array of Independent Disks的缩写,Chinese abbreviation is independent 冗余磁盘阵列.

磁盘阵列

Combine multiple independent hard disks into a large-capacity hard disk group.According to different methods, the hard disk group can achieve a higher block read and write speed,和更高的安全性.

RAID0磁盘阵列

raid0Disk array commonly known as“条带”It consists of at least two disks,a logical disk.Disk capacity is the sum of all disk capacities.Operations that can be written in parallel,All write speeds are high,But there is no redundancy of disk data in this way,Therefore, the security is low,Once one of the disks is damaged,All data is lost.

RAID0Disk array diagram

raid0磁盘阵列优点

1.所有RAIDRead and write performance is the highest

2.100%disk space utilization

raid0Disk array disadvantages

不提供数据冗余保护,一旦数据损坏,将无法恢复.

安全性低.

RAID1磁盘阵列

RAID1俗称“镜像”顾名思义,raid1Disk arrays are like mirrors,Data can be redundant.这使得raid1A disk array requires at least two disks,because of redundancy,Therefore, the security is high,But it also reduces disk utilization by only the total amount of disk50%.

Raid1Only two hard disk groups are supportedraid 阵列,The actual capacity is only the capacity of the smallest hard drive.这是因为raid1And nothing about storage performance there any improvement,It just improves the security of the data.Consists of two hard drivesraid1阵列中,The number of each hard disk It's all exactly the same,The two hard disks are mirror images of each other,所以在raid1阵列中,Damage any hard disk,The data can be read normally.

RAID1Disk array diagram

RAID1磁盘阵列优点

1.所有的RAID中安全性最高,Even if half of the disks fail,仍能正常运转.

2.Mirror disks are not all failed,数据就不会丢失.

RAIDDisk array disadvantages

1.磁盘空间利用率为50%,Half of the space is used to store redundant data.

2.成本高.

RAID5磁盘阵列

It consists of at least three disks,它将数据分散存储于阵列中的每个硬盘,And also accompanied by a data 校验位,数据位与校验位通过算法能相互验证,当丢失其中的一位时,RAID 控制器 能通过算法,利用其它两位数据将丢失的数据进行计算还原.

Raid5The technology of hard disk partitioning is adopted,At least three hard drives are required 组建raid5阵列,It has no data redundancy,Instead, the data parity is stored on each hard disk, One of the hard drives is used as a spare,Support online replacement.Raid5Allow a hard drive to be damaged or offline,这时 The candidate array can still be read,But in a degraded state,需要重建.

RAID5Disk array diagram

RAID5磁盘阵列优点

1.允许1physical disk failed,而不丢失数据.

2.Read performance is relatively high,磁盘空间利用率大于RAID 10.

RAID5Disk array disadvantages

1.Write performance is relatively low.

2.重建数据时,性能会受到较大的影响

RAID6磁盘阵列

是在 RAID5 的基础上改良而成的,RAID6 再将数据校验位增加一位,So damage is allowed The number of hard drives is also determined RAID5 的一个增加到二个.Because of the possibility that two hard drives in the same array are damaged at the same time rate is very low,所以,RAID6 用增加一块硬盘的代价,换来了比 RAID5 更高的数据安全 性.

RAID6Disk array diagram

RAID6磁盘阵列优点

1.允许2physical disk failed,而不丢失数据.

2.读取性能较高,磁盘空间利用率大于RAID 10.

RAID6Disk array disadvantages

成本高于RAID 5,写入性能较低（低于RAID 5）.

RAID10磁盘阵列

是先将数据进行镜像操作,然后再对数据进行分组

至少要四块盘,两块做 raid0,The other two 做 raid1,RAID 10 对存储容量的利用率和 RAID 1 一样低,只有 50%..Raid1+0 方 case caused 50%的磁盘浪费,但是它提供了 200%的速度和单磁盘损坏的数据安全性, 并且当同时损坏的磁盘不在同一 Raid1 中,就能保证数据安全性、RAID 10 能提供比 RAID 5 更好的性能.

RAID10Disk array diagram

RAID10磁盘阵列优点

1.Read performance is second only toRAID 0.

2.Not all disks in a mirrored pair have failed,数据就不会丢失.

3.When half of the physical disks fail,still operate normally.

RAID10Disk array disadvantages

1.成本高.

2.磁盘空间利用率50%,Half of the space is used to store redundant data.

RAID01磁盘阵列

raid01与raid10The architectural order is just the opposite,raid01It is to do the strip first and then do the mirroring,This architecture is less secure than raid10,And both because ofIO数量一致.Read and write speeds are the same,hard disk used 数量也一致.

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软raid和硬raid

软raid

软raid很简单,It is built by the operating systemraid阵列.软raidwill eat part of the hostCPU 资源用于raidArray overhead,such as data calculations.相比硬件raid,软raidAs long as the system supports that 可,成本较低.但是同样的,因为吃CPU,So faster than hardwareraid较慢,安全性也低.

No independentRAID控制卡,by the operating system and CPU来实现所有的RAID功能. 占用CPU资源,如果操作系统出现故障,则RAID信息会丢失,RAID功能将不可用. follow hardRAIDworse than performance,但成本低.

硬raid

硬件raidby specializedraid设备来实现的raid,一般是raid卡,Or integrated on the motherboardraid 功能.硬件raid有自己的raid控制器以及IO芯片,And some high endraidCards often also have batteries 以DRAM等硬件,Overall performance is more than softraid好一些的.And because of the hardwareraidIndependent of the operating system 统,安全性也相对较高.但是同样的,Because additional hardware is required,So the price is relatively high.

raid 功能.硬件raid有自己的raid控制器以及IO芯片,And some high endraidCards often also have batteries 以DRAM等硬件,Overall performance is more than softraid好一些的.And because of the hardwareraidIndependent of the operating system 统,安全性也相对较高.但是同样的,Because additional hardware is required,So the price is relatively high.

拥有独立的RAID控制卡,通过RAIDCards achieve allRAID功能,不占用CPU资源. 性能好,但成本高.