Automated testing - web automation - first acquaintance with selenium

一,了解自动化和selenium

1,什么是自动化测试,为什么要做自动化测试

        自动化测试能够代替一部分的手工测试.自动化测试能够提高测试效率.

        With the superposition of versions,The pressure to come back is also growing,Regressing versions through human testing is not realistic,因此需要借助自动化测试.

2,为什么选择selenium作为web自动化测试

        开源免费,支持多浏览器,支持多系统,支持多语言（java,python等）,seleniumThe bottom layer of the package consists of many availableAPI,

3,selenium环境变量

        selenium工具包,Chrome浏览器,ChromeDriver谷歌驱动,java8及以上

4,什么是驱动,驱动的工作原理

        驱动：通过一些操作,A certain operation is done by the driver

        驱动的工作原理:

 二,下载安装selenium,创建工程,Install the automated test package

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>

三,测试自动化测试

public class TestSelectOnBaidu {
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {
        //Create Google Drive,Used to open Google Chrome
        ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        //Enter the URL to visit
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com");
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        //找到搜索框,输入
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#kw")).sendKeys("王力宏");
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        //找到搜索按钮,点击
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#su")).click();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        //关闭驱动
        driver.quit();
    }
}

四,定位元素的方法

1,

 css选择器

 

//css选择器
        String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#s-top-left > a:nth-child(1)")).getText();
        System.out.println("News hyperlinked text" + text);

xpath语法

层级：/次级,//跳级

属性：@

函数：contains() ,.....

path选择器

//xpath选择器
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"kw\"]")).sendKeys("yyk");
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"su\"]")).click();

submit和click

使用submit 的方法都可以使用click,能使用clickplaces may not be availablesubmit. 

clear（）：Clears the text entered on the object.

gettext（）：获取文本

getAttribute（）：获取属性值

        System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#su")).getAttribute("value"));

等待：

The code executes faster than the page renders,So while getting some element text attributes of the resulting page,会出现noSuchElementException,So you need to wait for the rendering of the result page to complete.

Waiting is divided into display waiting,隐式等待,强制等待

强制等待：

优点：语法简单,适合调试使用,

缺点：Waste a lot of time waiting for it,The use of automated testing is to improve efficiency

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#kw")).sendKeys("ykz");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#su")).click();
        System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#\\33  > div > div:nth-child(1) > h3 > a")).getText());

        //强制等待
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#kw")).sendKeys("ykz");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#su")).click();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#\\33  > div > div:nth-child(1) > h3 > a")).getText());

Forced wait will wait for a while before fetching the content of the result page

隐式等待：

在规定的时间内,Polling ends as soon as it waits for an element to appear,If it does not appear within the specified time,则会抛出一个No Such Element Exception异常

作用在driver的整个生命周期

//隐式等待
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(3));
        //Implicit wait action againdriver 的整个生命周期
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#kw")).sendKeys("ykz");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#su")).click();
        System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#\\33  > div > div:nth-child(1) > h3 > a")).getText());

隐式等待的缺点：You need to wait for all elements to be displayed before proceeding to the next step,存在时间上的浪费

Advantages of implicit waits：节省时间.

显示等待

 //显示等待
        //Implicit wait action againdriver 的整个生命周期
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#kw")).sendKeys("ykz");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#su")).click();
        WebDriverWait foo = new WebDriverWait(driver,Duration.ofSeconds(3));//WebDriverWait(),传入一个driver,和超时时间
        //until方法,Always inquiries need to waitcssid是否存在,存在立即返回,There is no timeout to exit
        String text = foo.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector("#\\33  > div > div:nth-child(1) > h3 > a"))).getText();
        System.out.println(text);

优点：节省时间

缺点：写法复杂