如何免费获得一个市全年的气象数据？降雨量气温湿度太阳辐射等等数据

    气象数据一直是一个价值较高的数据，它被广泛用于各个领域的研究当中。气象数据包括有气温、气压、相对湿度、降水、蒸发、风向风速、日照等多种指标，但是包含了这些全部指标的气象数据却较难获取，即使获取到了也不能随意分享。

        想要大规模爬取的话，需要自己写爬虫，我之前写过一个爬取深圳市数据的爬虫。对深圳市的天气数据爬取基本没有问题。

import requests
import demjson
import re
import calendar
import csv


headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36\
         (KHML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
}


def get_url(date):
    url = 'https://www.timeanddate.com/scripts/cityajax.php?n=china/shenzhen&mode=historic'
    url += '&hd=' + date
    url += '&month=' + str(int(date[4:6]))
    url += '&year=' + date[:4] + '&json=1'

    return url


# input: type(str) eg:'20170601'
def crawl_single_day(date):
    response = requests.get(get_url(date), headers=headers)
    response_list = demjson.decode(response.text)

    for weather in response_list:
        w_time = re.compile(r'^\d+:\d+').search(weather['c'][0]['h']).group(0)
        w_temperature = re.compile(
            r'^-?\d+').search(weather['c'][2]['h']).group(0)
        w_weather = re.compile(
            r'^(.*?)\.').search(weather['c'][3]['h']).group(1)

        if weather['c'][4]['h'] == 'No wind':
            w_wind_speed = '0'
        else:
            w_wind_speed = re.compile(
                r'^\d+').search(weather['c'][4]['h']).group(0)

        w_wind_direction = re.compile(
            r'title=\"(.*?)\"').search(weather['c'][5]['h']).group(1)
        w_humidity = weather['c'][6]['h']
        w_barometer = re.compile(r'^\d+').search(weather['c'][7]['h']).group(0)
        w_visibility = weather['c'][8]['h']
        if w_visibility != 'N/A':
            w_visibility=re.compile(r'^\d+').search(w_visibility).group(0)

        yield [date, w_time, w_temperature, w_weather, w_wind_speed, w_wind_direction,
               w_humidity, w_barometer, w_visibility]


# input: type(int) eg: year=2017, month=6
def crawl_single_month(year, month):
    _, num_day = calendar.monthrange(year, month)
    month_str = str(year)

    if month < 10:
        month_str += '0' + str(month)
    else:
        month_str += str(month)

    day_list = list(range(1, num_day + 1))
    for day in day_list:
        if day < 10:
            for weather in crawl_single_day(month_str + '0' + str(day)):
                yield weather
        else:
            for weather in crawl_single_day(month_str + str(day)):
                yield weather


if __name__ == "__main__":
    with open('weather0.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
        writer = csv.writer(file)
        writer.writerow('date time temperature weather wind_speed wind_direction humidity barometer visibility'.split())
        
        for month in range(7, 13):
            writer.writerows(crawl_single_month(2017, month))

    with open('weather1.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file:
        writer = csv.writer(file)
        writer.writerow('date time temperature weather wind_speed wind_direction humidity barometer visibility'.split())
        writer.writerows(crawl_single_day('20210401'))

对 20210401的深圳天气数据爬取获得的 csv 文件如下图所示：

 

当然啦，需求量比较大的话，可以通过地理遥感生态网平台获取气象数据。 

地理遥感生态网平台发布的气象数据包括有气温、气压、相对湿度、降水、蒸发、风向风速、日照太阳辐射等等多种指标。

1级目录

文件名

PRS

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-PRS-10004-YYYYMM.TXT（本站气压）

TEM

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-TEM-12001-YYYYMM.TXT（气温）

RHU

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-RHU-13003-YYYYMM.TXT（相对湿度）

PRE

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-PRE-13011-YYYYMM.TXT（降水）

EVP

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-EVP-13240-YYYYMM.TXT（蒸发）

WIN

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-WIN-11002-YYYYMM.TXT（风向风速）

SSD

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-SSD-14032-YYYYMM.TXT（日照）

GST

SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY-GST-12030-0cm-YYYYMM.TXT(0cm地温)
 

   赶紧三连关注下， 数据获取途径如下：