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Oracle19c安装图文教程
2022-08-02 02:15:00 【夜光小兔纸】
一、安装前环境配置
1.基本信息
| OS | DB | HostName | DB Name | IP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oracle linux 7.7 | Oracle 19C | STUDY | win | 192.168.2.98 |
2.配置/etc/hosts
[[email protected] /]# echo '192.168.2.98 STUDY' >> /etc/hosts
3.关闭防火墙和Selinux
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[[email protected] etc]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
4.配置系统参数
[[email protected] etc]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加如下内容：
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max=6815744
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
kernel.shmmax=53687091200
kernel.shmall=52780232
[[email protected] etc]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
添加如下内容：
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
[[email protected] etc]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加如下内容：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
说明：
生产环境注意这两个参数，需要根据服务器的内存大小调整
kernel.shmmax：内核共享内存段最大值
kernel.shmall：所有内存（单位是页 4096）
[[email protected] etc]#sysctl -p --使上面参数生效
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
kernel.shmmax = 53687091200
kernel.shmall = 52780232
5.创建用户oracle用户和组
[[email protected] etc]# groupadd oinstall
[[email protected] etc]# groupadd dba
[[email protected] etc]# groupadd oper
[[email protected] etc]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[[email protected] etc]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[[email protected] etc]# id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba),1002(oper)
6.创建安装目录
[[email protected] etc]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/dbhome_1
[[email protected] etc]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
[[email protected] etc]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app
7.配置yum
[[email protected] etc]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[[email protected] etc]# vi local-oraclelinux.repo
8.配置oracle 用户环境变量
[[email protected] etc]# su – oracle
[[email protected] ~]$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
添加如下内容：
umask 022
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=win
PATH= P A T H : PATH: PATH:HOME/.local/bin: H O M E / b i n : HOME/bin: HOME/bin:ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID
[[email protected] ~]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
9.服务器上VNC安装与配置
#yum -y install tigervnc-server-1.8.0-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
添加：
VNCSERVERS=“1:root”
VNCSERVERARGS[2]=“-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost”
[[email protected] sysconfig]# vncserver --启动vnc服务
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? y
Password:
Verify:
xauth: file /root/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'STUDY:1 (root)' desktop is STUDY:1
Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /root/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/STUDY:1.log
[[email protected] sysconfig]# service vncserver status --查看服务开启状态
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status vncserver.service
Unit vncserver.service could not be found.
# vi /root/.vnc/xstartup --修改配置文件，激活图形界面
注释掉倒数三行，并在末尾 增加：
gnome-session &
[[email protected] sysconfig]# xhost +
xhost: unable to open display ""
[[email protected] sysconfig]# export DISPLAY=192.168.2.98:1.0
[[email protected] sysconfig]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[[email protected] dbhome_1]# su - oracle
[[email protected] dbhome_1]$ export LANG=en_US --避免安装界面是中文时出现乱码
二、安装数据库软件
1.数据库软件准备
[[email protected] etc]# mkdir /u01/app/soft
--已将数据库软件上传到/u01/app/soft
[[email protected] etc]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
[[email protected] etc]$ su - oracle
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /u01/app/soft
[[email protected] soft]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/dbhome_1 --解压到$ORACLE_HOME目录
2.数据库软件安装
[[email protected] dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller
安装过程记录如下：
[[email protected] soft]# yum -y install libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] soft]# yum -y install smartmontools-7.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] soft]# yum -y install ksh-20120801-139.0.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
ksh包可以忽略
3.创建数据库
[[email protected] ~]$ dbca
[[email protected] dbhome_1]$ ps -ef|grep smon
oracle 109287 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_win
oracle 110364 105048 0 18:29 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon
[[email protected] dbhome_1]$ ps -ef|grep ora
root 105047 104986 0 17:51 pts/0 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 105048 105047 0 17:51 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 105804 105786 0 18:00 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 105805 105804 0 18:00 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 105826 105805 0 18:00 pts/1 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 105827 105826 0 18:00 ? 00:00:00 oraclewin (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 109242 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_win
oracle 109244 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_clmn_win
oracle 109246 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_win
oracle 109249 1 1 18:18 ? 00:00:07 ora_vktm_win
oracle 109253 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_win
oracle 109255 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:03 ora_mman_win
oracle 109259 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen1_win
oracle 109262 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_win
oracle 109264 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_ofsd_win
oracle 109267 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbrm_win
oracle 109269 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_vkrm_win
oracle 109271 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_svcb_win
oracle 109273 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_pman_win
oracle 109275 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:01 ora_dia0_win
oracle 109277 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_win
oracle 109279 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw1_win
oracle 109281 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_win
oracle 109283 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_win
oracle 109285 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_lg00_win
oracle 109287 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_win
oracle 109289 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_lg01_win
oracle 109291 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_win
oracle 109293 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_win
oracle 109295 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_win
oracle 109297 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_lreg_win
oracle 109299 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_w001_win
oracle 109301 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_pxmn_win
oracle 109305 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_win
oracle 109307 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_win
oracle 109310 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_win
oracle 109312 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_win
oracle 109314 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_tmon_win
oracle 109319 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_m000_win
oracle 109321 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:02 ora_m001_win
oracle 109327 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_tt00_win
oracle 109329 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_tt01_win
oracle 109331 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_tt02_win
oracle 109336 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_aqpc_win
oracle 109340 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p000_win
oracle 109342 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p001_win
oracle 109344 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p002_win
oracle 109346 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p003_win
oracle 109348 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p004_win
oracle 109350 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p005_win
oracle 109352 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p006_win
oracle 109354 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p007_win
oracle 109356 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p008_win
oracle 109358 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p009_win
oracle 109360 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00a_win
oracle 109362 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00b_win
oracle 109364 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00c_win
oracle 109366 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00d_win
oracle 109368 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00e_win
oracle 109370 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00f_win
oracle 109372 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00g_win
oracle 109374 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00h_win
oracle 109376 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00i_win
oracle 109378 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_w002_win
oracle 109380 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00j_win
oracle 109382 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:02 ora_cjq0_win
oracle 109384 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00k_win
oracle 109388 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00l_win
oracle 109390 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00m_win
oracle 109392 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00n_win
oracle 109394 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00o_win
oracle 109396 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00p_win
oracle 109398 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00q_win
oracle 109400 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00r_win
oracle 109402 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00s_win
oracle 109404 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00t_win
oracle 109406 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00u_win
oracle 109408 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00v_win
oracle 109638 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_m002_win
oracle 109662 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_w003_win
oracle 109695 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_w004_win
oracle 109697 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_qm02_win
oracle 109701 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_q002_win
oracle 109703 1 0 18:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_q003_win
oracle 109771 1 0 18:19 ? 00:00:00 ora_w005_win
oracle 109797 1 0 18:19 ? 00:00:00 ora_w006_win
oracle 109908 1 0 18:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_m003_win
oracle 110277 1 0 18:28 ? 00:00:00 ora_m004_win
oracle 110283 1 0 18:28 ? 00:00:00 ora_w007_win
oracle 110287 1 0 18:28 ? 00:00:00 ora_w008_win
oracle 110292 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w009_win
oracle 110299 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00a_win
oracle 110304 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00b_win
oracle 110308 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00c_win
oracle 110313 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00d_win
oracle 110317 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00e_win
oracle 110321 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00f_win
oracle 110326 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00g_win
oracle 110330 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00h_win
oracle 110335 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00i_win
oracle 110339 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00j_win
oracle 110344 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00k_win
oracle 110348 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00l_win
oracle 110353 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00m_win
oracle 110357 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00n_win
oracle 110362 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00o_win
oracle 110368 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00p_win
oracle 110372 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_w00q_win
oracle 110376 105048 0 18:29 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 110377 105048 0 18:29 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora
[[email protected] dbhome_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 27 18:30:09 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 OCP READ WRITE NO
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
WIN READ WRITE
SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME') FROM dual;
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=ocp;
Session altered.
SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME') FROM dual;
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCP
SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Session altered.
SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME') FROM dual;
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
--新建用户
SQL> alter session set container=ocp;
Session altered.
SQL> create user rui identified by rui;
User created.
SQL> grant dba to rui;
Grant succeeded.
基础命令
–查看当前数据库
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
–查看PDB信息
col pdb_name format a20
col status format a20
select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status,creation_scn from dba_pdbs;
或者 show pdbs
–查看当前环境
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT(‘USERENV’,‘CON_NAME’) FROM dual;
–容器切换
alter session set container=weisipdb;
alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
–完全卸载oracle
rm -f /etc/oratab
rm -f /etc/oraInst.loc
rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE
rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventory
参考视频：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV17r4y1m7fh/?spm_id_from=333.788&vd_source=7136aeca6f3fea14755a76ed47e74308
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