Uncover the secret of the popular app. Why is it so black

Preface

Applet , Because of its convenient operation , And rich functions , It has been popularized in all fields of life , A lot of people know little about applets only about the state they can use , I don't know anything about the system , Today, let's uncover the secret of the small program .

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️ 1. What are applets ?

Applets are a new open capability , Developers can quickly develop a small program . Small programs can be easily obtained and spread in wechat , At the same time, it has an excellent use experience .
Applet , Many businesses are familiar with , Because of its convenient operation , And rich functions , It has been popularized in all fields of life . Whether it's takeout 、 Running errands 、 Small programs can be seen in both recruitment and rental housing .
Wechat applet is a lightweight application launched by wechat , It is a simple app, Does he have to download 、 Point and use 、 Run out of features , And because of the nature of small programs , It doesn't occupy memory , It can be used as an application tool for many segmentation scenarios , Therefore, it is deeply loved by users .

Advantages of wechat applet

In fact, if you have played wechat apps , You'll find fluency and experience , The essence of a successful applet is hybrid（ blend ） Of app Be situated between web app And native Native app Between , It has rich interfaces for calling various functions of the mobile phone , At the same time, it has flexibility , Cross platform , Maintenance costs are also fairly primitive app The lower , The development iteration speed is also relatively fast
Put a comparison chart , You can see the advantages of wechat applet

What small programs can help us solve ？

1. The search scope of the nearby applet is 5 km , That means it increases the radiation area of merchants to 5 km ,
5 All wechat users within km can become your consumers .
2. Small programs can achieve excellent publicity effect and market effect with low price . To achieve the same effect ,
The price of the applet is only a fraction of the offline publicity expenses .
3. Small programs are only for themselves , Let merchants no longer work for the platform . in 58, Public comment , For a little exposure and online market ,
Work hard on activities , To promote , But only the platform . The traffic attracted is recommended by the platform to other stores .
Small programs can increase the exposure of enterprises and merchants , Can open the vast online market , The most important thing is to let merchants really work for themselves .
4. Many e-commerce self built applets , Especially offline retail combined with new retail , This kind of experience is especially suitable for shopping ,
It is especially suitable for the re purchase of old users . In addition to pulling new and maintaining old users , And let traditional offline users provide additional services for their users .

️ 2. History of applet development

There are about 1/3 Of people have used applets , There should be more now . Let's briefly review the development of wechat applet ,
Wechat applet from 2016 After it was put forward in , In the same year 9 Start the internal test in the month , To 2017 year 1 month 9 The wechat applet was officially opened on the th ,
What we really accept is 2017 year 12 month 28 Japan ,
It was the time when wechat Games began to open , That is, everyone is familiar with the jump ,
At that time, wechat applet was widely recognized by everyone .

️ 3. Principle of small program

Applets are a new open capability , Developers can quickly develop a small program ,
Small programs can be quickly obtained and spread in wechat , At the same time, it has an excellent use experience .
So what is the principle of small program implementation ？

The first is its render layer , Is his Webviews,
The second is its logical layer , That is, we write business logic to realize login function and payment function ,
The third one can be understood as the original capability of wechat .

Webviews

Webviews Is mainly responsible for rendering , The underlying wechat provides more underlying capabilities .
We can see that wechat provides many rich native clients and its own capabilities to developers .
For example, the Internet , Initiate network request , Store and download , Storage includes reading and writing files 、 Audio and video reading and writing , Login is wechat version , Form a connection .
Components are the components we commonly use , Including hardware for developers , Including audio and video recording 、 camera , And take pictures. 、 Scanning code, etc .

Logic layer

You can see that this is passed through events and return data .
When the user has some operations on the interface , Will trigger some events , Give to native Webviews, And then to business logic .

Wechat's native capabilities

Anyone with experience as a small program developer knows , We wrote a book called WXM2 Things that are , Defined as Javascript,
Packaged with the business to form a small program .

️ 4. How to develop wechat apps

The difference between small program and common web development

The main development language for applets is JavaScript , The development of small programs has a lot of similarities with the development of ordinary web pages .
For front-end developers , The cost of moving from web development to applet development is not high , But there are still some differences between them .
​ Web development rendering thread and script thread are mutually exclusive , That's why a long run of scripts can cause pages to become unresponsive ,
And in applets , The two are separate , Running in different threads .
Web developers can use a variety of browsers exposed DOM API, Conduct DOM Select and operate .
And as mentioned above , The logic layer and rendering layer of the applet are separate , The logic layer runs in JSCore in ,
There is no complete browser object , So there is a lack of relevant DOM API and BOM API. This difference leads to some libraries that are very familiar with front-end development ,
for example jQuery、 Zepto etc. , It doesn't work in small programs . meanwhile JSCore The environment is the same as NodeJS The environment is also different ,
So some NPM The package is also not able to run in the applet .
​ Web developers need to face the environment is a variety of browsers ,PC The end needs to face IE、Chrome、QQ The browser etc. ,
On the mobile end, we have to face Safari、Chrome as well as iOS、Android All kinds of things in the system WebView .
The small program development process needs to face two big operating systems iOS and Android Wechat client of ,
And small program developer tools for assisting development , Small procedures in the three major operating environment is also different

The environment in which the applet runs

​ When web developers develop web pages , Just use the browser , And with some auxiliary tools or editors .
The development of small programs is different , Need to apply for a small program account 、 Install the applet developer tool 、 Configuration items and so on .

Preparation for wechat applet development

1. Register applet ：
   Register an applet account on the wechat public platform , Existing accounts can skip the registration process .
2. Sign in ：
   After logging in , On the menu “ Set up ”-“ Development and setup ” Get the development settings in AppID spare , And configure the server domain name 、 News push and so on .
3. Download wechat applet development tool ：
   Finally, small programs can only run on their special development tools 、 Release and other operations .
4. download HBuilder X development tool ： I chose uniapp frame , You can use HBuilder X Development , Convenient and quick , Greatly increase development efficiency , Is worth to recommend . You can also use scaffolding , But I personally don't recommend it .5. Applet running configuration ： stay HBuilder X Editor top menu “ Set up ”-“ Run configuration ”-“ Applet running configuration ”-“ Wechat developer tool path ”-“ Browse ”, Find the installation directory of wechat developer tools , selection “ WeChat developer tools .exe”.

️ 5. Learning resources for applets

Applet development documentation

The first thing to be clear is , Applet development is different from Python Development , The latter is a general open source programming language , So there will be a lot of people writing tutorials for it ; And the former , Is a development framework of Tencent's wechat products , It is a pure commercial technology . therefore , You can think about , Who wants others to learn how to develop small programs ？ Of course, it is the official of Tencent . More and more people will use small programs to develop products , The more active the wechat ecosystem is . Therefore, the best entry-level learning resource for small programs is Tencent's official small program development document .
This document explains how to apply for an account and go online 、 The development guide and function experience are given Demo、 Contains the complete API Interface and configuration description , It is the most complete and authoritative introduction to wechat applet . For an existing JS and Web For those who have developed experience , It can be developed quickly . So I once said to the students , It is enough for you to read the official documents .

️ 6. The first wechat app

The first step in developing a small program , You need to have an app account , Through this account, you can manage your applet .
Follow this step , Start your little app tour ！

Apply for an account number
Enter applet Registration page Fill in the information and submit the corresponding information according to the guidelines , You can have your own applet account .

In this small program management platform , You can manage the permissions of your applet , View data report , Release small program and other operations .
Sign in Applet background , We can do it on the menu “ Development ”-“ Development and setup ” See the applet AppID 了 .

Applet AppID It is equivalent to an ID card of the applet platform , You'll use it in many places later AppID （ Note that this is different from the service number or subscription number AppID）. After you have an app account , We need a tool to develop small programs .
Stable version Stable Build (1.06.2206090)
Download the corresponding installation package according to your own operating system to install ,

Your first applet
New project selection applet project , Select the hard disk path where the code is stored , Fill in the applet's AppID, Give your project a nice name ,
Check “ Not using cloud services ” （ Be careful : You need to select an empty directory to create a project ）,
Click New , You've got your first little program ,
Click compile on the top menu to preview your first widget in wechat developer tools .

Next, let's preview the effect of this small program .
Click the compile button on the tool , You can see the performance of this applet in the simulator interface on the left side of the tool , You can also click the preview button ,
Experience your first app on your mobile phone through wechat scanning .