Today in history: kubernetes open source version released; Worldofwarcraft landed in China; The inventor of packet switching network was born

Arrangement | Wang Qilong

through 「 Today in history 」, Look at the future from the past , You can change the future from now on .

It's today 2022 year 6 month 7 Japan , stay 1742 Years of today , Prussian mathematician Christian · Goldbach is writing to Leonhard, a Swiss mathematician · Euler's communication , Put forward the following conjecture ： Any greater than 2 Can be written as the sum of three prime numbers . This is one of the longest unsolved problems in number theory , Goldbach conjectures . Goldbach conjecture made no progress for a long time after it was put forward , Until the 1920s , Mathematicians have proposed solutions from two aspects of combinatorial mathematics and analytic number theory , And made a series of breakthroughs in the following half century . At present, the best result is that Chinese mathematician chenjingrun 1973 Chen's theorem published in （ Also known as “1+2”）.

Review the history of computers 6 month 7 Japan , What other key events have taken place on this day that have affected our technological life today ？

1924 year 6 month 7 Japan ： The inventor of packet switched networks Donald Davies born

Picture source ： Wikipedia

Donald · Davis （Donald Watts Davies） Born in 1924 year 6 month 7 Japan , He is a Welsh computer scientist , Employed by the national physical laboratory （NPL）.1965 year , He conceived of packet switching , It has established the main foundation of data communication in today's global computer network ; Davies proposed to establish a commercial national network in Britain , And designed and built a local NPL Network to demonstrate the technology .1970 Many wide area packet switching networks established in the s are similar to him in almost all aspects 1965 The original design was similar in , ARPANET （ARPANET） The project credits Davis' contribution to his influence , This is crucial to the development of the Internet .

from 1947 From the year onwards , Donald · Davis is at the national physical laboratory （NPL） Work , Allen · Turing （Alan Turing） It was there that the automatic computing engine was designed （ACE） Computer . Davis is said to have been in Turin 1936 Pioneering paper in On Computable Numbers We found a mistake in , It bothers Turing ; Over time ,ACE Get into trouble , Cause Turing to leave , Davis took over the project , And focus instead on things that are less difficult to design Pilot ACE Computer .1950 year 5 month ,Pilot ACE The first time the computer runs , The computer also has a commercial derivative DEUCE, Made by British electric computer company , yes 1950 One of the best selling machines in the s .

Davis is also working on traffic simulation and machinetranslation applications . stay 1960 In the early s , He participated in the government technology program to stimulate the British computer industry .1965 year , Davis proposed the concept of packet switching , Divide computer messages into groups , These packets are routed independently on the network , It may go through different routes , And regroup at the destination . Davis used after consulting linguists “ Data packets ” The word , Because it can be translated into other languages other than English without ambiguity .

Davis later worked with his deputy Derek Barber and Roger Scantlebury The network interconnection protocol is studied together . They come from 1972 Started to participate in the international network working group , And in 1973 In published “ Computer communication network ”. For a long time , The network engineering community is polarized in the implementation of the competitive protocol suite , This argument is often referred to as “ Agreement war ”.1979 year , Davis got out of the vortex of the Internet Protocol war , Turn to computer network security ;1983 year , He and David O. Clayden Designed the message verifier algorithm together （MAA）, This is one of the earliest widely accepted message verification code algorithms .2000 year 5 month 28 Japan , Davis died , At the age of 75 year .

source ： Wikipedia

2006 year 6 month 7 Japan ：《 World of warcraft 》 Landing in China

《 World of warcraft 》（World of Warcraft, Abbreviate writing WoW）, It's called Warcraft for short , Blizzard Entertainment is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game . The starting point of worldofwarcraft is 《 World of warcraft 3： Frozen Throne 》 After the end of the story . Blizzard in 2001 year 9 month 2 World of Warcraft was announced on the th . Worldofwarcraft in 2004 It was publicly tested in North America in the middle of the year , Same year 11 month 23 Japan , Warcraft cross media production series 10 Anniversary , Worldofwarcraft was officially launched in North America and Oceania . After this game landed in China , Has been making remarkable achievements , Internet cafes and many home computers are loaded with 《 warcraft 》;2011 year 8 month 1 Japan ,CCTV I once praised worldofwarcraft for its creativity , Praise American blizzard company . At the same time, they also accuse 、 Criticize the lack of creativity of many domestic online games , Uneven, some good and some bad . However , Before this game became popular , The story of its landing in China , But it's very complicated .

Picture source ： Wikipedia

2004 year 1 month , The ninth city obtained the server agency right of worldofwarcraft in mainland China from the parent company of Blizzard Entertainment, Vivendi . Worldofwarcraft has achieved great success after operating in the mainland , to 2009 It has dominated the online game industry in Chinese Mainland for five years , Worldofwarcraft has also become the income pillar of the ninth city , Until the eve of the proxy change event , Worldofwarcraft occupies the ninth city 90% A large share of revenue .2007 year , In order to get rid of the situation that the ninth city must rely on Warcraft , Start acting for other online game manufacturers , Including the online games of American Art electronics, a competitor of Blizzard Entertainment ,2007 year 5 month 21 Japan , Electronic Arts 1.67 US $100 million in shares in nine cities 15% equity , Cause great dissatisfaction of blizzard , Things began to ferment .

2008 year , Under the operation of the ninth city , The latest expansion 《 World of warcraft ： The burning expedition 》 The delay in China is as long as 8 Months before opening , And its update progress is out of touch with the world 、 Poor server quality results in a poor gaming experience 、 More and more serious number theft problem, etc , Many factors make Blizzard start to consider terminating the cooperative relationship with the ninth city .2008 year 4 month 14 Japan , The ninth city releases news , Has reached an agreement with blizzard , Renewed 《 World of warcraft ： Wrath of the Lich King 》 The right to operate in Chinese Mainland . However, at this time , In fact, nine cities and Netease are secretly and fiercely competing for the follow-up agency right of worldofwarcraft national service , This agreement later became a dead letter .2008 year 8 month , Netease gets StarCraft developed by Blizzard Entertainment 2 And the proxy of battle. Net set up by blizzard in Chinese Mainland , It marks the official rupture of the cooperative relationship between Blizzard and the ninth city , It is also the beginning of cooperation between Blizzard and NetEase .

Picture source ： Wikipedia

2009 year 4 month 16 On the afternoon of Sunday 15:40, Blizzard Entertainment officially announced , hold 《 World of warcraft 》 The agency operation right of guoserv is transferred from the ninth city to NetEase , a 3 year , The news was confirmed . Then the share price of the ninth city fell sharply on NASDAQ 24.66%.2009 year 5 month 12 Japan , After the routine maintenance of worldofwarcraft National Service , Many players find that the bottom of the game login interface 《 Worldofwarcraft Chinese terms of use agreement 》 There are modifications to account ownership , Although the official made a timely explanation , However, at this time, most players begin to realize that the replacement of agents may not be as smooth as expected .

2009 year 6 month 7 Japan 0 when ,《 World of warcraft 》 National Service officially enters the transition period of agent handover , The server was shut down and taken over by Shanghai Netease Network Technology Development Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Netease , At the same time, it also represents the official departure of the ninth city from Blizzard Entertainment . During the one and a half months of changing the agent's customs service , A large number of players of national service are lost , And others of the same kind MMORPG Online game manufacturers and agents have also seized this rare opportunity to make highly targeted advertisements , For example, the swordsman love network version operated by Jinshan software was launched “ The door of a world is closed , A door of wuxia opens ” The advertising language of .2009 year 7 month 30 Japan , After a month and a half of stopping taking , The national service is reopened .

Picture source ： Wikipedia

2009 year 9 month 19 Japan , Netease announces , Announce that worldofwarcraft will officially reopen in Chinese Mainland , And start charging 、 Resume new account registration ; However, in the same year 11 month 2 Japan , The General Administration of press and publication issued a notice saying , Netease agent 《 World of warcraft 》 Start operation without permission , Therefore, the termination of 《 World of warcraft 》 Review of , Return for introduction 《 World of warcraft 》 Application for games , And impose penalties , Require Netease to stop charging for games immediately , Close new account registration ; But a few hours later , The Ministry of Culture issued another statement , It is said that the edition is in violation of the three provisions , Only the Ministry of culture has the right to investigate and deal with the online game market . A bigger war begins , And Netease did not stop to 《 World of warcraft 》 The normal commercial operation of .

2010 year 2 month 7 Japan , Netease announces , Declare from 2010 year 2 month 8 The registration of new users will be suspended from the th , Simultaneously from 2 month 8 solstice 2 month 14 Give away to players every day 3 Hours of game time . in addition , Netease will resubmit to GAPP 《 World of warcraft ： The burning expedition 》 Online game publishing application （ At this time, the burning expedition has been in operation for more than two years ）. The second day , The General Administration of press and publication issued an announcement , Declare that the application is accepted , Restart game content approval ;4 Days later, it was announced that the application was approved , thus ,《 World of warcraft 》 In Chinese Mainland, normal operation has finally been fully restored , The proxy replacement event is completely over .

source ： Wikipedia

2014 year 6 month 7 Japan ：Kubernetes Open source release

Picture source ： Wikipedia

Kubernetes（ Often referred to as K8s） It's for automatic deployment 、 Expand and manage “ Containerization （containerized） Applications ” Open source system . The system consists of Google Design and donate to Cloud Native Computing Foundation（ Present genus Linux The foundation ） To use . It aims to provide “ Automatic deployment across host clusters 、 The platform to extend and run the application container ”, Supports a range of container tools , Include Docker etc. . These two years ,Swarm and Mesos Gradually Kubernetes Eliminate ,BAT、 sound of dripping water 、 JD.COM 、 Headlines and other big factories , They all vie to put the container and K8S The project is the focus of Technology ;K8s Has become the de facto standard in the field of container management , It has greatly promoted the development of cloud native field .

K8s Originally by Joe · Beida 、 brandon · Burns and Craig · McCluskey founded , Brian · Grant and other Google engineers soon joined .K8s The development and design of Google Borg System impact , Many of the top contributors to the project have previously worked in Borg Work in the system . Nowadays, the common abbreviations in the information field “K8s” Will be “ubernete” The eight letter abbreviation is “8” And come .Kubernetes The core value of the project , It is a series of 、 In the form of voice API The idea and best practice of container job scheduling driven by . On this basis ,Kubernetes It provides users with a set of basic dependencies for building distributed systems based on containerization .

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