Employment prospect of GIS and remote sensing specialty and ranking selection of universities in 2022

          Geographic Information System （GIS,Geographic Information System）, also called “ Geographic Information Science ”（Geographic Information Science）, It is a kind of data management system with the professional form of information system space . It is a comprehensive subject , It has been widely used in different fields , Is for input 、 Storage 、 Inquire about 、 A computer system for analyzing and displaying geographic data . < attach ：GIS（ Geographic Information System ） And GPS（ Global positioning system ）、RS（ Remote sensing system ） combined term 3S System .

　　GIS It belongs to a class of information systems , The difference is that it can operate and process geo referenced data . Georeferenced data describe the earth's surface （ Including the atmosphere and shallow subsurface space ） Location and attributes of spatial elements , stay GIS Two geographic data components in ： Spatial data , It is related to the geometric characteristics of spatial features ; attribute data , Provide information about spatial elements .

Professional prospects ：

　　 As a major in college education , Geographic Information System in the last century 70 It began to appear in many foreign universities in the s , In our country, there are less than 40 Colleges and universities offer this major , Therefore, the senior talents engaged in the design and development of geographic information system have been in short supply . and , With the process of informatization in various departments of the country , And the increase and development of domestic high-tech enterprises engaged in GIS Engineering development , The demand for professional talents will also increase , The gap will also widen .

　　 The wave of information revolution is in the ascendant , The information society is coming towards us step by step , China has included the information industry in the sustainable development strategy . As an important part of the information industry, the geographic information system industry is bound to achieve great development . Predictably, , In the future ' Geographic information system industry will provide more modern 、 High income 、 Enviable jobs .

Direction of employment ：

　　 Graduates can work in cities 、 Area 、 resources 、 Environmental Science 、 traffic 、 Population 、 housing 、 land 、 Relevant departments in the fields of infrastructure and planning management are engaged in application research related to GIS 、 technological development 、 Production management and administrative management , They can also engage in scientific research or teaching in scientific research institutions or colleges and universities .

　　 After graduation, students majoring in geographic information system can 、 Area 、 resources 、 Environmental Science 、 traffic 、 Population 、 housing 、 land 、 Engaged in application research related to GIS in the fields of infrastructure and planning management 、 technological development 、 Production management and administrative management .

　　 Jobs ：

　　gis Development Engineer 、 sales manager 、gis The engineer 、gis Software engineer 、 Technical support engineer 、 Software engineer 、 project manager 、 Software Development Engineer 、gis Data Engineer 、gis R & D Engineer 、gis sales manager 、gis Data processing engineer, etc .

　　 Urban employment index ：

　　 The area with the largest number of GIS professional jobs is Beijing . The highest salary area is Zhengzhou .

　　 Cities with more jobs have ： Beijing [454 individual ]、 Guangzhou [128 individual ]、 wuhan [113 individual ]、(www.fwsir.com) Shanghai [74 individual ]、 Chengdu [70 individual ]、 Hangzhou [67 individual ]、 nanjing [39 individual ]、 Suzhou [38 individual ]、 Shenzhen [35 individual ]、 The rising sun [31 individual ] etc. .

　　 Cities with higher employment and salary have ： zhengzhou [6500 element ]、 Changsha [5000 element ]、 Shanghai [4999 element ]、 huzhou [3500 element ]、 Yibin [2999 element ]、 Beijing [2000 element ] etc. .

　　 Ranking of similar majors

　　 The specialty of geographic information system belongs to geophysics in science , Among them, geophysics is divided into 4 A professional , Geographic Information System (GIS) ranks No. in geophysics 1, Ranked No. in the whole category of science 25 position .

　　 In geophysics , The majors with good employment prospects are ： Geographic Information System , Geography , Resource environment and urban and rural planning management , Geo information science and technology , Medical informatics , System theory , physics , Bioinformatics , Environmental Science, etc .

A lot of people will ask GIS Where did you go to work after graduation ？

exactly , Cartography and GIS （GIS） As an interdisciplinary , It covers a wide range of fields , But many students of this major don't know what career they should engage in as they approach graduation , What's more, I don't know what the future job prospects of this major are .

GIS Career direction on the Internet ？

In recent years , With the Internet +GIS The rapid development of , Yes GIS The demand for talents is also growing , There are even many subdivisions , These subdivisions extend down to GISer Will actually be engaged in the job . therefore , Xiaobian first talks about GIS Career direction on the Internet ：

1、WebGIS Development Engineer

First WebGIS The development needs are great , For example, Beijing , Shanghai , wuhan , nanjing , Chengdu 、 Shenzhen 、 The demand of these cities in Guangzhou is quite large , And the larger the city and the company's business lines will be divided into more details . For example, those who specialize in tilt photography , Specialized in intelligent driving 、 Navigation 、 High precision map 、 pipe network 、 Communication network ！

GIS Professional , You can get started with professional advantages WebGIS Development , After introduction , But also continue to learn the basics of computer , Expand your knowledge and skills , Realize the development of career breadth . Because there is too much basic knowledge in the school , If you want to engage in external technology , Generally, they need to learn JavaScript,HTML,CSS This kind of . So if you don't have a front-end Foundation , Basically, I can't do it WebGIS Of . and Want to do this development work , Be sure to learn systematically first GIS Development .

2、 Data mining and Algorithm Engineer

In recent years , The development of automatic driving is relatively fast , Map related algorithm posts , Most of them follow high-precision maps 、 Point cloud 、 Lane line, etc . The concept of algorithm is very general , There are many kinds , It is difficult for a person to know both image processing , And spatial algorithm , And also natural language processing , Find the right direction .

GIS Relatively small , If you have the opportunity to join the algorithm post , We must strengthen the study of data structures and mathematical principles related to algorithms , Such as statistics 、 probability theory 、 Topology 、 Computer graphics, etc .

3、 3D engineer

In fact, it should also belong to development , I just think that many beginners are interested in 3D , So list them separately . 3D development can be simply divided into two parts ： Modeling and programming . use GIS The ground model established by the software and 3DMAX The ground object model established by the software is static , To dynamically control them requires programming .

If you want to do this kind of work , Self study in computer 3DMAX or MAYA, In programming to learn to use C++ Conduct OpenGL technological development , stay GIS Pay attention to learning DEM And virtual reality .

4、GIS Data Engineer

GIS is based on data , Data acquisition is the cornerstone of other work .

Because the country has qualification requirements for the collection of geographic information data , Therefore, the national surveying and mapping units at all levels are generally able to collect data , But there is also Gaud 、 Baidu 、 tencent 、 The data teams of map manufacturers such as NavInfo . These places , It is also a great part of Surveying and mapping 、GIS And other related professional graduates . With the development of automatic driving in recent years 、5G technology 、 The development of the Internet of things , Many enterprises invest in the layout of high-precision map industry . Development of high-precision map industry , Some posts of map data engineer have also been released .

From the above figure, the Internet in several major cities GIS The Enlightenment of Data Engineer Recruitment . This position generally requires practitioners to have the ability of data collation 、 machining 、 Processing and analysis capabilities . Introduction to the industry ,GIS Graduate and master relevant majors GIS Professional software is necessary . But the work is inevitably repetitive and boring , It is suggested that we can turn to development in the later stage .

5、 Data products 、 application 、 Strategy 、 Business product manager

There are many types of product manager segmentation , Applied product managers need to be able to draw prototypes , Strategy and business need industry depth , Be able to combine specialty with business . The more mature the product manager is , The more difficult it is to use hard technical standards to select , It's all about soft power , For example, the overall situation and execution .

Generally speaking , The data product manager works for a period of time , Want to broaden your career , We can consider the application of 、 Strategy 、 Business product manager , But you have to learn a lot about product managers , How to design a product , And push the product to the ground .

GISer The development path on the Internet

In the Internet industry ,GIS It is a direction of the minority , Have a certain degree of professionalism , Closely integrated with industry and business , The careers you can choose are Map Data Engineer 、 The product manager 、 Data mining and Algorithm Engineer 、webGIS Development Engineer 、GIS Engineers, etc .

Several technological development routes can be referred to ：

1、 Map data engineer —— Data product manager —— application 、 Strategy 、 Business product manager —— Product experts

2、webGIS Development —— The front-end development —— Front end product manager

3、webGIS Development —— Application layer or data layer development —— Architects

4、 data + Algorithm +webGIS+ application ——GIS Experts

Internet +GIS It is an industry that keeps pace with the times , The salary level is basically higher than that in other directions , Some can get their annual salary just after graduation 20w Of offer, Some jobs can surpass in a few years 50w. But for Internet companies , High salary means high intensity , Specialty is the foundation ,GIS Development is the stepping stone , Want better development , It also needs to be combined with its own position , Continuous learning , Focus on Development .

GIS Other career directions

6、 Remote sensing mapping

The work content of remote sensing mapping is to use mature remote sensing software （Envi or Eradas） Or write programs to extract more valuable information from remote sensing images .

The salary level of remote sensing mapping is lower than that of software development and data analysis , In the first tier cities, it can only reach 6-12K The level of left and right . And the salary shows a state of polarization , Very low , Very high .

7、 Engineering Surveying and mapping

The work content of Engineering Surveying and mapping is to go to the field during the day 、 Field survey at the construction site , In the evening, carry out interior drawing , Engineering Surveying and mapping should be the most difficult in all directions of geographic information science . There is a great demand for engineering surveying and mapping posts , Low education requirements （ secondary specialized school 、 Junior college is OK ）, The salary level is low , Counterpart enterprises are generally institutions or state-owned enterprises with surveying and mapping qualifications .

8、 Geography teachers in primary and secondary schools

The primary and secondary school teachers' work content is to complete the daily geography teaching tasks of the school and the teaching and research tasks assigned by the teaching and research group . The work of primary and secondary school teachers seems to be relatively easy , But for young teachers, the workload is not small , Daily lesson preparation and weekly teaching and research require a lot of energy . The job demand for primary and secondary school teachers is not very big , The best education background is the graduation from normal school , The general requirement is bachelor's degree, but in recent years, many masters have also joined the competitive team .

9、 Civil servants and institutions

The work contents of civil servants and public institutions may not have much to do with the professional knowledge of geographic information science , It has a relatively large connection with the main business of the unit . The units that graduates of general geographic information science can apply for are the Institute of Surveying and mapping 、 Geographic Information Bureau 、 Urban Planning Institute 、 Transportation Commission, etc . The post demand of civil servants and public institutions is relatively small , Every year, the number of professional positions is in single digits , Some positions may require a master's degree or above .

10、 If undergraduates want to improve their academic qualifications after graduation, they can also go to higher education

        More and more people are taking postgraduate exams , According to the 《GIS developer 》 Of the seventh issue 《 Do you want to take the postgraduate entrance examination ？ What kind of postgraduate exam ？》 One article , Most of them are to avoid the pressure of employment . But graduate students also have to work , It's just the roads above . As we all know, graduate education is not very good now , Some people are “ do ” A few meaningless theses are finished after graduation , Compared with the students who graduated from the undergraduate course , There is an extra layer of fig leaf , But three years less work experience . Smart business owners don't value education , Therefore, the employment situation of graduate students is not optimistic . Some people say that Bao Yan ： The price of wasting three years is exchanged for the qualification of wasting three more years . Of course, excellent graduate students still have more opportunities than undergraduate students , In particular, public institutions still value academic qualifications .

        Graduate School , The first year of classes , In the second year “ Free activities ”, The third year （ Or the last half year ） Do your graduation thesis . In addition to the graduation thesis , During my postgraduate study, I also need to publish some papers in journals , Each school has different requirements for the quantity and quality of papers . The rest of the time is mainly about tutor projects and self charging . Projects are usually divided into “ Vertical projects ” and “ Horizontal projects ” Two kinds of . Vertical projects , Be commonly called “ The state gives money ”, It is a project supported by various research funds established by the government for a long time , Focus on cutting-edge topics ; Horizontal projects , Be commonly called “ Society gives money ”, It is a project entrusted by enterprises or other units on certain topics . So there are actually two alternative ways ： Those who want to take the path of scientific research , Choose a mentor who focuses on vertical projects ; Do not want to take the path of scientific research , Choose a mentor who focuses on horizontal projects .

         Reference for school selection of geographic information science specialty :

        The specialty of geographic information science has strong applicability , The social demand is relatively large , Therefore, the number of colleges and universities opened has increased in recent years . However, the training direction of each enrollment university is quite different , For example, Wuhan University specializes in digital map and spatial information engineering , Nanjing Normal University mainly trains students to use computer technology to engage in geographic information system design 、 Research talents for research, development and management , Candidates must choose carefully according to their own situation .

  Ranking of remote sensing universities ：

ranking	School name	Evaluate the results
1	Wuhan University	A+
2	PLA University of Information Engineering	A+
3	China University of mining	A-
4	Beijing university	B+
5	Tongji University	B+
6	Central South University	B+
7	Shandong university of science and technology	B
8	China university of geosciences	B
9	Southwest Jiaotong University	B
10	Chang'an University	B
11	liaoning University of engineering and technology	B-
12	Hehai University	B-
13	Henan Science and Engineering university	B-
14	Beijing Architecture University	C+
15	Beijing Normal school university	C+
16	Southeast University	C+
17	Xi'an University of science and Technology	C+
18	Northeast University	C
19	Donghua University of technology	C
20	China University of petroleum	C
21	jiangxi Polytechnic University	C-
22	Guilin University of Technology	C-
23	Kunming University of science and technology	C-

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