Ecosystem type distribution data, land use data, vegetation type distribution and nature reserve distribution data

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introduction

The National Nature Reserve ecosystem type distribution information product is based on Landsat TM Digital images （ Correct with topographic map ）, The full digital human-computer interactive remote sensing fast extraction method , Establish the National Nature Reserve ecosystem structure data set , At the same time, it can be made into grid data of various scales , Including farmland ecosystem 、 Forest ecosystem 、 Grassland ecosystem 、 Water and humidity ecosystems 、 Desert ecosystem 、 Settlement ecosystems and other ecosystems , It is one of the series of ecological environment data products launched by the geographic remote sensing ecological network .

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The macrostructure data of terrestrial ecosystem in China were obtained by remote sensing interpretation 1：10 Ten thousand scale land use / Based on land cover data , Through the identification and research of each ecosystem type , After classification and processing, a multi period spatial distribution data set of terrestrial ecosystem types in China is formed .

      See the following table for the definition of terrestrial ecosystem types in China , Specifically divided into 7 Large ecosystem types ：

（1） Farmland ecosystem , Mainly including land use / Paddy field in land cover remote sensing classification system 11、 dry land 12;

（2） Forest ecosystem , Mainly including land use / Dense forest land in land cover remote sensing classification system （ There are woodlands ）21、 Shrub 22、 Open woodland 23、 Other woodlands 24;

（3） Grassland ecosystem , Mainly including land use / High coverage grassland in land cover remote sensing classification system 31、 Medium coverage grassland 32、 Low coverage grassland 33;

（4） Water body and wetland ecosystem , Mainly including land use / Marshland in land cover remote sensing classification system 64、 Canals 41、 lakes 42、 reservoir 43、 Glaciers and permanent snow 44、 beach land 46;

（5） Desert ecosystem , Mainly including land use / Sandy land in land cover remote sensing classification system 61、 The gobi 62、 Salt and alkali land 63; Alpine desert 67;

（6） Settlement ecosystem , Mainly including land use / Towns in land cover remote sensing classification system 51、 Rural residential areas 52、 Industry and mining 53

（7） Other ecosystems , Mainly including land use / Bare land in land cover remote sensing classification system 65 And bare rock gravel ground 66. The specific classification system is as follows ：

Classification and coding of terrestrial ecosystems in China

First class type		Level two type		meaning
Number	name	Number	name
1	Farmland ecosystem	-	-	The ecosystem in which crops are grown , Including cultivated land 、 Newly opened wasteland 、 Leisure 、 Take turns 、 The grass field turns to the crop field ; Agricultural fruit mainly planted with crops 、 Nongsang 、 Agricultural and forestry land ; Beaches and beaches cultivated for more than three years .
-	-	11	paddy field	It refers to water source guarantee and irrigation facilities , It can be irrigated normally in general years , Used to grow rice , Cultivated land for aquatic crops such as lotus root , Including cultivated land with rice and dry land crop rotation . On the basis of the second class classification, the third class classification is divided into ： Mountain paddy fields 111、 Hilly paddy fields 1123、 Plain paddy fields 113、>25 Degree slope paddy field 114
-	-	12	dry land	It refers to no irrigation water source and facilities , Cultivated land that grows crops with natural water ; There are water sources and irrigation facilities , Dry crop cultivated land that can be irrigated normally in general years ; Cultivated land mainly for growing vegetables ; Fallow and fallow areas for normal rotation . On the basis of the second class classification, the third class classification is divided into ： Mountain and dry land 121、 Hilly and dry land 122、 Plain dry land 123、>25 Degree sloping land and dry land 124
2	Forest ecosystem	-	-	Refers to the growth of trees 、 shrub 、 Bamboo 、 And coastal mangrove land and other forest ecosystems .
-	-	21	There are woodlands	Refers to the canopy closure >30% Natural forests and plantations . Including timber forest 、 economic forest 、 Shelterbelts and other woodlands .
-	-	22	shrubwood	Refers to the canopy closure >40%、 Height at 2 Low woodland and shrub woodland below meters .
-	-	23	Open woodland	It refers to the canopy density of trees as 10-30% Woodland .
-	-	24	Other woodlands	It refers to the uncultivated forest land 、 Footprint 、 Nursery and all kinds of gardens （ National Park 、 Mulberry garden 、 Tea garden 、 Hot forest garden, etc ）.
3	Grassland ecosystem	-	-	It refers to the growth of herbaceous plants , The coverage is 5% All kinds of grassland above , Including shrub grassland dominated by grazing and canopy density in 10% The following sparse forest and Grass Ecosystems .
-	-	31	High coverage grassland	Refers to covering >50% Natural grassland 、 Improve grassland and mow grassland . This kind of grassland generally has good water conditions , The grass grows thick .
-	-	32	Medium coverage grassland	Refers to the coverage at >20-50% Natural grassland and improved grassland , This kind of grassland generally lacks water , The grass cover is sparse .
-	-	33	Low coverage grassland	Refers to the coverage at 5-20% Natural grassland . This kind of grassland lacks water , The grass is sparse , The utilization conditions of animal husbandry are poor .
4	Water body and wetland ecosystem	-	-	Refers to natural land, waters and land for water conservancy facilities .
-	-	41	Canals	It refers to natural or artificially excavated rivers and land below the perennial water level of the trunk . Artificial canals include embankments .
-	-	42	lakes	It refers to the land below the perennial water level in the naturally formed ponding area .
-	-	43	Reservoirs, pits and ponds	It refers to the land below the perennial water level in the artificially constructed water storage area .
-	-	44	Permanent glaciers and snow	It refers to the land covered by glaciers and snow all the year round .
-	-	45	The beach	It refers to the transgressive zone between the high tide level and the low tide level of the coastal spring tide .
-	-	46	beach land	Refers to the river 、 The land between the water level in the normal period and the water level in the flood period in the lake area .
		64	The swamp	It refers to flat and low-lying terrain , Poor drainage , Long term humidity , Seasonal ponding or perennial ponding , Land on which moist plants grow on the surface .
5	Settlement ecosystem	-	-	It refers to urban and rural residential areas and industrial and mining areas outside 、 Traffic and other artificial ecosystems .
-	-	51	Urban land	Finger big 、 in 、 Land for small cities and built-up areas above counties and towns .
-	-	52	Rural settlements	It refers to rural residential areas independent of cities and towns .
-	-	53	Other construction land	Refers to factories and mines 、 Large industrial areas 、 Oil field 、 Saltworks 、 Quarries and other land and traffic roads 、 Airport and special land .
6	Desert ecosystem	-	-	Currently unused ecosystems , Including difficult to use ecosystems .
-	-	61	sand	It refers to that the surface is covered with sand , The vegetation coverage is 5％ Land below , Including desert , Excluding the desert in the water system .
-	-	62	The gobi	It refers to that the surface is mainly composed of crushed gravel , The vegetation coverage is 5% Land below .
-	-	63	Salt and alkali land	It refers to the accumulation of surface saline alkali , Vegetation is scarce , Land that can only grow strong salt tolerant plants .
-	-	67	Other	Other unused land , Including Alpine desert , Tundra, etc .
7	Other ecosystems
-	-	65	Bare land	Refers to the surface soil cover , The vegetation coverage is 5％ Land below .
-	-	66	Bare rock	It refers to that the surface is rock or gravel , Its coverage area >5％ The land of .

※ Product case

Xilingol nature reserve, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Data source reference ： Geographic remote sensing ecological network www.gisrs.cn

meanwhile , Geographic remote sensing ecological network www.gisrs.cn Many scientific data in the field of Geographical remote sensing are shared on the website （ Land use data 、npp Net primary productivity data 、NDVI data 、 Weather data （ rainfall 、 The temperature 、 Evapotranspiration 、 radiation 、 humidity 、 Sunshine hours 、 The wind speed 、 Vapor pressure data ）、 Runoff data 、 Night light data 、 Statistical yearbook 、 road network 、POI Point of interest data 、GDP Distribution 、 Population density distribution 、 Vector boundary of tertiary watershed 、 Geological hazard distribution data 、 Soil type 、 Soil texture 、 Soil organic matter 、 soil PH value 、 Soil texture 、 Soil erosion 、 Vegetation type 、 Distribution of nature reserves 、 Building contour distribution and other geographic data , And about the gis、 A tutorial on remote sensing ）.