当前位置：网站首页>HCIA----05 RIP

shortcoming ：1、 Large and medium-sized network configurations
2、 It cannot be changed in real time based on the change of topology （ If load balancing is configured , When there is a road fault , Will inevitably lose packets ）
advantage ：
1、 No additional temporary physical resources
2、 safety problem
3、 Calculate the path problem

Simple 、 Static routing is recommended for small networks ;
Medium and large complex networks , It is recommended to use dynamic ;

2. Dynamic routing protocol

2.1. Definition

Routers communicate with each other 、 negotiation 、 Calculate and automatically generate routing table
After the topology changes , It can converge in real time （ Recalculate ） To adapt to the new structure

2.2. Dynamic classification ：

1）. be based on AS To classify ：

AS -- Autonomous systems 0-65535 Standard No
IGP Internal Gateway Routing Protocol AS For internal use -- RIP OSPF EIGRP ISIS .....
EGP External gateway routing protocol AS Used between --- BGP EGP .....

2）.IGP( Internal Gateway Routing Protocol ) The classification of ：

Classification based on work characteristics ：

DV Distance vector （ The routers between adjacent routers transmit routing tables to each other ） Yes ：RIP EIGRP ......
LS Link state （ The routers between adjacent routers transmit the topology to each other , The routing table is calculated locally ） Yes OSPF ISIS ......

Based on whether to carry subnet mask classification when updating ：

There are categories -- No subnet mask , Define the subnet mask according to the main class
No category -- Carry subnet mask , Judge the network segment based on the actual mask

3.RIP： Routing information protocol （ Belong to ： Distance vector protocol ）

3.1. Yes rip The understanding of

There is V1/ V2/ NG( The next generation IPV6 special ）
be based on UDP 520 Port operation ; Use hops as a measure ; Update the way ：30s( asynchronous ) Cycle update 、 Trigger update ;
Cycle update --- Make sure the router survives Substitute confirmation ; priority 100; Support overhead load balancing ;

1）.V1 and V2 The difference between ：

Version1：ip There are categories （ The main class ） The agreement , No subnet mask , You cannot divide and summarize subnets ;
Broadcast updates ---255.255.255.255（ Only through the fourth layer port number can we know who the packet is sent to ）;
Declare the main network segment , Shared network segments can only be presented in the form of main classes , And may be larger than the interface network segment .
Version2： Classless agreement , Carry subnet mask , Conduct VLSM（ No class ） And subnet summary , Hypernetwork is not supported ;
Multicast update ---224.0.0.9（ Through the second floor Mac You can know who the bag is for ）;
Declare the main network segment , What we share is VLSM Form of network segment （ It is completely consistent with the interface network segment ）;
V2 Support manual authentication --- Encrypt routing table information , More secure .

2）. Get rid of rip The mechanism of the middle ring road ：

Horizontal segmentation ---- Enter from this mouth , Not from this mouth . Used for ring prevention in linear topology ; The main function is in MA Avoid repeated traffic and waste bandwidth in the network ,MA The Internet （ Multiple access to the network ) ---- The number of nodes in a network segment is unlimited ;
Trigger update ---- Toxicity reversal level segmentation （ An error packet and an inverse horizontal split send packet ）
Maximum hops ---- 15 jump ; 16 Jump to unreachable
Inhibit timer ;

3.2rip Configuration command

V1 To configure ：

[r1]rip ? --- The process number can be defined at startup , The default is process 1, Only local ;
INTEGER<1-65535> Process ID
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]version 1 Choose the version Version1.
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0 ---A class ---- Declare
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0 ---B class
[r1-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 ---C class
[r1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0 ---D class
Declare ：1、 Activate --- The selected interface in the range can send and receive rip Information about
2、 Shared routing -- The network segment of the selected interface can be shared with all local neighbors ;
Bear in mind ：RIP At the announcement , Only main network segments can be declared ;
[r2]display ip routing-table protocolrip see Some kind of agreement Generated routing entries

V2 Configuration of ：

[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]version 2 Choose the version Version2.
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0

3.3RIP Extended configuration for

1）.RIP V2 Manual summary of ：

On the update source router , all Update sent On the interface To configure .
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip summary-address 192.168.1.64 255.255.252.192
Aggregate segments

2）.RIP V2 Certification of ：

Sent and received by neighbors RIP In message Identity verification port Order addition ;
Between two directly connected neighbors , The authentication password and mode must be exactly the same ;
At the same time, after Huawei starts the authentication of the interface , all rip The information will be encrypted ;
[r1]interface g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip authentication-mode md5 usual cipher 123456

3）. Silent interface （ Passive interface ):

Only receive and do not send routing protocol information , It can only be used to connect the interface of the user terminal
It cannot be used for the interface directly connecting the router neighbor , Otherwise, the neighbors will not be able to share routing information
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

4）. Speed up convergence ：

RIP timer ： 30s to update ( Direct interface timing , Judge whether the other party updates on time ） 180s invalid ( If it exceeds, the record will be discarded from the routing table ） 180s Inhibition ( It works when the loop appears ） 300s Refresh （ Refresh routing table , Remove the timeout route ）
Modify the timer appropriately , It can accelerate the convergence speed of the protocol ; When modifying , All operations in the whole network rip The equipment recommendations are consistent ; Maintain the original multiple relationship ; And not easy to modify too small ;
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]timers rip 30 180 300 The suppression timer cannot be modified

5）. Default route ：

stay Border router After defining the default source information on , The default route will be published to the intranet ; After that, the internal router will automatically generate a default route to point to the direction of the border router ; The border router points to ISP The default route for , Still need handwriting .
[r3]rip
[r3-rip-1]default-route originate