OSPF综合实验

 1.R4为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址；R4与其他所有直连设备均使用公有IP地址；
2.R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3.整个OSPF环境IP地址为172.16.0.0/16;
4.所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5.减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6.全网可达

一、地址规划
172.16.0.0/16
一共有5个OSPF区域和一个RIP区域，所以需要划分6个网段出来，借三位
172.16.0.0/19 A0
172.16.32.0/19 A1
172.16.64.0/19 A2
172.16.96.0/19 A3
172.16.128.0/19 A4
172.16.160.0/19 RIP
172.16.192.0/19
172.16.224.0/19
我们只需取出其中6个网段来用即可！
然后再依据每个区域所需的网段和环回等继续划分：
172.16.0.0/19
    继续借五位给用户网段划分
172.16.0.0/24——用户
    借到29or30位给骨干链路划分
172.16.0.0/29——骨干链路若是MA网络掩码为29
172.16.0.0/30——骨干链路若是P2P网络掩码为30
172.16.32.0/19——A1
172.16.64.0/19——A2
172.16.96.0/19——A3
172.16.128.0/19——A4
172.16.160.0/19——RIP
继续借一位划分
172.16.160.0/20
172.16.176.0/20
192.168.1.192/19预留
192.168.1.224/19预留

二、分别给area0\1\2\3\4配置

1、配置area0：

R4：

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int s4/0/0 
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s3/0/0
[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial3/0/0]int s4/0/1
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[r4-Serial4/0/1]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24

 因为R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境并且R3为中心站点，因此：

r3【中心！】
<Huawei>sys  
[r3]int s4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[r3-Serial4/0/0]q   
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nh entry multicast dynamic 
 
 
r5：
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r5
[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[r5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.16.2.1 24
[r5-LoopBack0]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
 
r6：
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r6
[r6]int s4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]q
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2 
[r6]int s4/0/0 
[r6-Serial4/0/0]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
 
r7:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r7
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 

 检查公、私网之间各路由器能否ping通。

 2、配置area2

r6:
<r6>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.9 29
Jul 14 2022 19:29:36-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
 
r11:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r11
[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 29
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.9 29
Error: The specified address conflicts with another address.
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.1 24
 
r12:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r12
[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.10 29
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

 3、配置area3：

<r7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 29
Jul 14 2022 19:48:02-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
 
 
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r8
[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 14 2022 19:48:36-08:00 r8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.9 29
Jul 14 2022 19:49:18-08:00 r8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0
 
 
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r9
[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.10 29
Jul 14 2022 19:50:03-08:00 r9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

4、配置area4：

[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 29
Jul 14 2022 19:53:18-08:00 r9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.1 24
[r9-LoopBack0]
 
 
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r10
[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 29
Jul 14 2022 19:53:44-08:00 r10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.1 24
[r10-LoopBack0]

5、配置area 0

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 29
Jul 14 2022 20:00:44-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]
 
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys  r2
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 14 2022 20:01:17-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.1 24
[r2-LoopBack0]
 
 
<r3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 29
Jul 14 2022 20:01:47-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.1 24
[r3-LoopBack0]

6、配置RIP

<r12>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r12]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]int l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20
[r12-LoopBack1]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[r12-LoopBack0]

三、配置OSPF

 
R1
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 
 
R2
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 
 
R3
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.255.255 
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
 
R5
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R6
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 
R7
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 
R8
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8 
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R9
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.255.255
 
R10
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]area 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R11
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
R12
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 --- 汇总宣告

四、由于P2P类型是无法与其他路由之间建立邻居关系,则需更改MGRE类型    --- P2MP类型 。

R7如同

area4区域和rip区域间缺失的路由信息，需要我们手工使用重发布的方式导入rip路由和area4的路由信息

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

R10里面会发现没有其他的路由信息，这时我们可以下发一条缺省路由指向我们的R9

五、为了减少LSA的更新量，我们需要做汇总与特殊区域

注意：在汇总时为了避免环路我们还需要配置空接口路由。

<r3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r3]os
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ab
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-1]q     
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
<r6>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r6]os
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]ar 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[r6-ospf-1]q
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]
 
<r7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r7]os
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[r7-ospf-1]q
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
<r9>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r9]os
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]q
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
<r12>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r12]os
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[r12-ospf-1]q
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]

 特殊区域area 0：

[r1]os
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 
 
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

area 2:

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 
 
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

六、配置NET,使其均可访问R4环回。

R3
 
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
R7
 
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
R6
 
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

七：加快收敛，需改HELLO时间，更改了hello时间死亡时间也会自动改变

 
 
[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

八：进行手工认证，区域认证（实际上也是接口认证），目的是为了更新安全。

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 000000
 
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 000000
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 000000