Arduino uno error analysis avrdude: stk500_ recv(): programmer is not responding

background

use arduino uno The board is making BLDC During motor commissioning , Accidentally, the current is too large , Put the main chip atmel328 It's burnt , Buy a new chip online and replace it , Errors have been reported during downloading ：avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding.

avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "D:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/etc/avrdude.conf"

         Using Port                    : COM3
         Using Programmer              : arduino
         Overriding Baud Rate          : 115200
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 2 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 3 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 4 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 5 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 6 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 7 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 8 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 9 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 10 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x2f

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Problem uploading to board.  See https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/sections/360003198300 for suggestions.

Cause analysis

avrdude yes A download / Upload / burn AVR Single chip microcomputer ROM、EEPROM The tool software , use ISP（in-system progrmming） The way . Be similar to STM32 Series of burning software STM32Programmer, You need to use reset Reset .

ArduinoIDE After compiling , Automatically called avrdude To download the program , First, you need to connect through serial port arduino Hardware and read hardware information , Then read the compiled .hex file , Then write .hex file , Finally, verify the written data . The specific process is as follows ：

avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "D:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/etc/avrdude.conf"

         Using Port                    : COM10
         Using Programmer              : arduino
         Overriding Baud Rate          : 115200
         AVR Part                      : ATmega328P
         Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
         PAGEL                         : PD7
         BS2                           : PC2
         RESET disposition             : dedicated
         RETRY pulse                   : SCK
         serial program mode           : yes
         parallel program mode         : yes
         Timeout                       : 200
         StabDelay                     : 100
         CmdexeDelay                   : 25
         SyncLoops                     : 32
         ByteDelay                     : 0
         PollIndex                     : 3
         PollValue                     : 0x53
         Memory Detail                 :

                                  Block Poll               Page                       Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  MaxW   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
           eeprom        65    20     4    0 no       1024    4      0  3600  3600 0xff 0xff
           flash         65     6   128    0 yes     32768  128    256  4500  4500 0xff 0xff
           lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           efuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           calibration    0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00
           signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00

         Programmer Type : Arduino
         Description     : Arduino
         Hardware Version: 3
         Firmware Version: 5.0
         Vtarget         : 0.3 V
         Varef           : 0.3 V
         Oscillator      : 28.800 kHz
         SCK period      : 3.3 us

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: reading input file "C:\Users\49196\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_959754/Blink.ino.hex"
avrdude: writing flash (1198 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.23s

avrdude: 1198 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against C:\Users\49196\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_959754/Blink.ino.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file C:\Users\49196\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_959754/Blink.ino.hex:
avrdude: input file C:\Users\49196\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_959754/Blink.ino.hex contains 1198 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.15s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1198 bytes of flash verified

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Error report, error report ：avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding. explain avrdude Connect through serial port arduino There is something wrong with the board . The most common problem is the number foot 0/1（ That is to say RX、TX） Something is inserted in it , The serial port is occupied by other peripherals , Just pull it out . For details, please refer to arduino Report errors ：

But I tried and didn't solve the problem . So I tried the following methods , Record the following ：

1. I have two in hand arduino uno The board , Interact separately MCU, It is found that after the exchange, it can be burned normally , The explanation is not MCU Chip problems , Inside BootLoader There should be no problem . screening ch340 Serial chip
2. Interact with two arduino uno Serial port chip on the board ch340, The problem is the same , A good board is still good , The bad board still reports an error , explain ch340 The chip is good . The problem is on the circuit board , Most likely, it is a serial chip ch340 Peripheral circuit problems , Cause no communication .
3. Use a separate CH340USB Connect to serial port board arduino uno Of Rx、TX, Be careful ： You also need to connect reset Reset pin , During the download process, you need to check MCU Reset , Put the principle arduino uno Serial port CH340 Change the chip to usb Transfer to serial port board , The connection test can burn normally , Sure is ch340 Peripheral circuit problems .
   

4. Two pieces of arduino uno Board comparison test ：
- Power on test ch340 Peripheral pin voltage , All voltages are the same
- ch340 Crystal oscillator ： The frequencies are 12MHz, Range 4V, All normal
- The peripheral resistance values are correct , Test the peripheral capacitance for short circuit .

5. There are two possibilities left ：

• ch340 The peripheral capacitance is damaged （ There is no reliable equipment to test ）, Replace all capacitors and test again , Problems still exist
• arduino uno Of PCB There is something wrong with the board ： Test all connections separately for normal

At present, all the methods that can be thought of have been tested , Problems still exist . It has exceeded my current cognitive level , Later, cognition improved , Have a new idea to test again .

Summary of experience

1. MCU（ Include STM32、atmel、c51 etc. ） download 、 There are three ways to burn ： Dedicated burning port （STM32 Of SWD、atmel Of ICSP）、 Serial port burning
2. Use ArduinoIDE+ When downloading through serial port ,MCU You need to download it internally BootLoader
3. MCU Downloading and burning requires RESET Pin pair MCU Perform reset operation