Maui's way of learning -- Opening

Maui The way of learning -- The opening

After thinking for a long time, I decided to send one Maui Introduction as the opening , Although this is an old topic , But we can't do without such discussion （ Please allow me an article ）.

What is? .NET Maui

.NET Maui It is a Microsoft product based on .Net Multi-platform application UI (.NET MAUI) Cross platform framework for , Use C# and XAML Create native mobile and desktop apps , Use .NET MAUI, Can be developed from a single shared code base in Android、iOS、macOS and Windows Applications running on .

.NET Maui Born out of Xamarin.Forms, If there is Xamarin.Forms Using experience of , that Maui Will become very handy . Use .NET MAUI, You can use a single project to create multi platform applications , But if necessary , You can add platform specific source code and resources ..NET MAUI The main goal of is to achieve as much application logic and... As possible in a single code base UI Layout .

.NET Maui Supported platforms

• Android 5.0 Or later (API 21)

• iOS 10 Or later (UIKit)

• macOS 10.13 Or later (Mac CatalystUIKit)

• Windows 11 and Windows 10(1809) Or later (WinUI3WindowsAppSdk)

• Tizen, Supported by Samsung （ It has been integrated into the project template ）

• Linux, Supported by the community

.NET Maui How it works

.NET MAUI take Android、iOS、macOS and Windows API Unified into a single API in , The API Allow any developer experience to be written and run at once , It also provides in-depth access to all aspects of each native platform .

.NET 6 Provides a series of platform specific frameworks to create applications ：.NET for Android、.NET for iOS、.NET for macOS as well as Windows UI 3 (WinUI 3) library . These frameworks all have access to the same .NET 6 Base class library (BCL) . This library abstracts the details of the underlying platform from the code .BCL Depend on .NET Runtime , Provide execution environment for code .

about Android、iOS and macOS, The environment consists of Mono Realization , This is a .NET Runtime implementation . stay Windows,Win32 Provide an execution environment .

although BCL Enable applications running on different platforms to share common business logic , But various platforms have different ways of defining user interfaces for applications , And they provide different models , Used to specify how user interface elements communicate and interoperate . Can be used for Android、iOS、macOS、WinUI 3 Of .Net Create separate for each platform UI, But this approach requires maintaining a code base for each individual equipment family ..NET MAUI Provides a framework , For building... For mobile and desktop applications UI.

The image below shows .NET MAUI Advanced view of Applied Architecture ：

stay .NET MAUI Application , The compilation is mainly related to .NET MAUI API Interactive code ,NET MAUI Use the native platform directly API. In addition, the application code can directly use the platform as required  API.

.NET MAUI Applications can be found in Window PC or Mac Write on （ At present, we need to use vs2022 preview）, And compile it into a native application package ：

• Android Use .NET MAUI Compiled application from C# Compile to intermediate language (IL), And then when the app starts (JIT) Compile to native assembly .

• iOS Use .NET MAUI The compiled application is completely native compiled ( from C# Compile as native ARM Assembly code AOT) .

• macOS Use .NET MAUI Compiled applications use Mac Catalyst, This is a Apple A solution provided , It will use UIKit Generated iOS The application is introduced into the desktop , And use other... As needed AppKit And the platform API Expand it .

• Windows Use .NET MAUI The generated application uses Windows UI 3(WinUI 3) Library to create Windows Desktop native applications .

.NET Maui Other applications of

• although .NET Maui Encapsulation of controls native to each platform has been provided , But you can still use Maui The provided self drawing engine draws controls that meet your own needs （Microsoft.Maui.Graphics）

• You can also create .NET MAUI Blazor application , To achieve the same experience as the web page ,.NET MAUI Blazor Applications also need to be updated for platform specific WebView Control , The current support platforms are as follows ：

  • Android 7.0(API 24) Or later （Chrome）

  • iOS 14 Or later （Safari）

  • Mac Catalyst macOS 11 Or later （Safari）

  • indows 11、Windows 10(1809) Or later （Edge webview2）

  • Tizen（ Unknown ）

  • Linux（ Unknown ）

.NET Maui Develop the technical knowledge that needs to be learned ：

• Basics ：

  • .NET

  • C#

  • Xaml

  • Maui

• Expand ：

  • Winui3 api as well as Windows platform Api（Windows）

  • Android api（Android）（ Usually you don't need , If you need to call some hardware ）

  • UIKit,iOS platform api（iOS）（ Usually you don't need , If you need to call some hardware ）

  • UIKit,Appkit, MacOS api（Mac）

  • Blazor( It's not necessary )

.NET Maui Advantages and disadvantages

• advantage ：

  • Use C# + .Net Development , Easy to get started , It's easy to upgrade , Cooperate with the universe first IDE Work efficiency is not the same

  • Microsoft's technologies basically have something in common （ You can easily switch to WPF）

  • Big factory guarantee

  • Use platform controls on different platforms , Ensure native performance

  • coordination Blazor It can realize the consistent experience with the web side

• shortcoming ：

  • I won't support it win7, Even pick win10 Version of

  • Although officially released, it is still not stable

  • the reason being that C# So maybe not as good as java It is so easy to find a satisfying job in the system or front-end （ Big factories are generally java）

  • Microsoft likes hacking

  • Although guaranteed to be native , But that means you need to adapt to different platforms （ Non self drawing ）

  • Although guaranteed to be native , This also means that you need to learn about the platform ( Controls also behave differently )（ Of course, this is what all cross platform applications need to learn ）

Similar cross platform development framework ：

• QT（ Use C++, Personally, I think it is cross platform in the real sense , It even supports embedded systems ）( owner-draw )

• Flutter（ Google's cross platform framework , Use Dart Language ）( owner-draw )

• Uno platform（C# The implementation is similar to Maui）

• Avalonia（C# class WPF）( owner-draw )

• CPF（C# Domestic cross platform UI Development framework , Support Loongson ）( owner-draw )

• Electron （ Web technology stack direction ）

Related learning Links ：

• Maui：.NET Multi-platform application UI file - .NET MAUI | Microsoft Docs ^[1]

• C# Platform call ： Platform call (P/Invoke) | Microsoft Docs^[2]

• Windows Api: pinvoke.net: memcpy (msvcrt)^[3]

• WinUI3: Create the first one WinUI 3（Windows application SDK） project - Windows apps | Microsoft Docs^[4]

• UIKIT：UIKit Namespace | Microsoft Docs ^[5]

• AppKit: AppKit Namespace | Microsoft Docs^[6]

• Community ToolKit： Use .NET Multi-platform application UI (.NET MAUI) Community Toolkit introduction - .NET Community Toolkit | Microsoft Docs ^[7]

Reference material

[1]

.NET Multi-platform application UI file - .NET MAUI | Microsoft Docs : https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/maui/

[2]

Platform call (P/Invoke) | Microsoft Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/standard/native-interop/pinvoke

[3]

pinvoke.net: memcpy (msvcrt): https://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/msvcrt/memcpy.html

[4]

Create the first one WinUI 3（Windows application SDK） project - Windows apps | Microsoft Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/apps/winui/winui3/create-your-first-winui3-app

[5]

UIKit Namespace | Microsoft Docs : https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/uikit?view=xamarin-ios-sdk-12

[6]

AppKit Namespace | Microsoft Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/appkit?view=xamarin-mac-sdk-14

[7]

Use .NET Multi-platform application UI (.NET MAUI) Community Toolkit introduction - .NET Community Toolkit | Microsoft Docs : https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/communitytoolkit/maui/get-started